MN551 Midterm
1. Which of the following individuals would be An 81-year-old man with
considered to be at risk for the development right-sided heart failure
of edema? and hypothyroidism
2. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the Products of the tumor it-
end stages of small cell lung cancer is dis- self as well as a hy-
traught at his visible body wasting that has permetabolic state cause
worsened in recent weeks. Which of the fol- cachexia
lowing phenomena best accounts for the pa-
tient's anorexia and cachexia?
3. Which of the following statements best con- Negative intrapleural
veys an aspect of the respiratory pressures pressure holds the lungs
that govern ventilation? against the chest wall
Question options:
4. Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old Increased thrombopoietin
girl developed scattered bruising over numer- levels
ous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As
part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was
performed. Which of the following results is
most likely to be considered unexpected by
the health care team?
5. Which of the following situations related to Pulmonary vascular re-
the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation sistance, related to mus-
would be most likely to necessitate medical cle regression in the
intervention? pulmonary arteries, rises
over the course of the in-
fant's first week.
6. At which of the following locations in the Bowman Space
nephron would a nurse practitioner first ex-
pect blood to be largely free of plasma pro-
teins?
7. A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days "You should breathe
postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital deeply and cough to help
, MN551 Midterm
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result your lungs expand as
of being largely immobile. Which of the follow- much as possible while
ing teaching points by her nurse practitioner you're in bed."
is most appropriate?
Question options:
8. A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram re- Aortic valve stenosis
veals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection frac-
tion from the heart. What is this patient's most
likely diagnosis?
9. A couple who are expecting their first child "Stem cells can be used
have been advised by friends to consider har- as a source of reserve
vesting umbilical cord blood in order to have cells for the entire blood
a future source of stem cells. The couple have production system."
approached their nurse practitioner with this
request and are seeking clarification of exact-
ly why stem cells are valuable and what they
might expect to gain from harvesting them.
How can the nurse practitioner best respond
to the couple's inquiry?
10. A child possesses a trait that is the result The outcome is the result
of the interaction of two different genes, nei- of the interaction between
ther of which could have produced the trait collaborative genes.
independently. Which of the following expla-
nations best captures the genetic explanation
for this?
11. A 55-year-old man has made an appointment Overactive bladder that
to see his nurse practitioner because he has may result from both
been awakening three to four times nightly to neurogenic and myogenic
void and often has a sudden need to void with sources
little warning during the day. What is the man's
most likely diagnosis and possible underlying
pathophysiologic problem?
12. As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithe- Increased amounts of
lial cells are producing insufficient amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The
, MN551 Midterm
mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucocil- primary role of the mu-
iary blanket is compromised. Which of the fol- cociliary blanket is to trap
lowing changes would a care provider most foreign particles and bac-
reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this teria and thus prevent
change? their entry into the lungs.
The impaired ciliary func-
tion may result in an inad-
equate mucociliary blan-
ket, but the opposite re-
lationship is unlikely. De-
creased oxygen and in-
creased carbon dioxide
levels may eventually re-
sult, but not as a direct or
immediate consequence.
13. An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term Blood backs up into the
care facility has a history of congestive heart jugular vein because there
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the are no valves at the point
patient has positioned her sitting up at an an- of entry into the heart.
gle in bed and is observing her jugular venous
distention. Why is jugular venous distention
a useful indicator for the assessment of the
patient's condition?
14. Sputum samples from a patient with pneu- bacterial
monia contain an infective agent that has a
peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotox-
ins, replicates readily in broth and on agar,
grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain
when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumo-
nia is most likely:
15. A 45-year-old patient who experienced expo- Base pairs may have been
sure to radiation during an industrial accident rearranged by the radia-
several years prior is being assessed. Which tion exposure.
of the following phenomena may underlie the
genetic changes that have been noted in the
patient?
, MN551 Midterm
16. A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. splenomegaly and he-
Which of the following other health problems patomegaly
is the child at risk for?
17. Which of the following pregnant women has A woman who has herpes
most likely encountered the greatest increase simplex and recently re-
in the risk that her child will have a fetal anom- covered from endocarditis
aly?
18. Which of the following patients would be con- A 22-year-old male who
sidered to have a significant risk of develop- has lost a large amount
ing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? of blood following a work-
place injury
19. As part of the diagnostic workup for a male pa- Echocardiogram, PET
tient with a complex history of cardiovascular scan, ECG
disease, the care team has identified the need
for a record of the electrical activity of his
heart, insight into the metabolism of his my-
ocardium, and physical measurements, and
imaging of his heart. Which of the following
series of tests is most likely to provide the
needed data for his diagnosis and care?
20. A female patient is requiring supplementary Her thoracic cage is less
oxygen by facemask due to her reduced lung flexible than when she
compliance. Which of the following patho- was healthy.
physiologic processes is most likely to be a
contributor to her low lung compliance?
21. A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of Her kidneys will adapt with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is ex- an increase in plasma
periencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 HCO3- and her pH will de-
retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. crease.
Which of the following phenomena would her
care team most realistically anticipate?
22. A nurse practitioner is performing patient "I could come down with
teaching about the influenza virus with each viral or bacterial pneumo-
patient who has come to the clinic to receive
1. Which of the following individuals would be An 81-year-old man with
considered to be at risk for the development right-sided heart failure
of edema? and hypothyroidism
2. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the Products of the tumor it-
end stages of small cell lung cancer is dis- self as well as a hy-
traught at his visible body wasting that has permetabolic state cause
worsened in recent weeks. Which of the fol- cachexia
lowing phenomena best accounts for the pa-
tient's anorexia and cachexia?
3. Which of the following statements best con- Negative intrapleural
veys an aspect of the respiratory pressures pressure holds the lungs
that govern ventilation? against the chest wall
Question options:
4. Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old Increased thrombopoietin
girl developed scattered bruising over numer- levels
ous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As
part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was
performed. Which of the following results is
most likely to be considered unexpected by
the health care team?
5. Which of the following situations related to Pulmonary vascular re-
the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation sistance, related to mus-
would be most likely to necessitate medical cle regression in the
intervention? pulmonary arteries, rises
over the course of the in-
fant's first week.
6. At which of the following locations in the Bowman Space
nephron would a nurse practitioner first ex-
pect blood to be largely free of plasma pro-
teins?
7. A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days "You should breathe
postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital deeply and cough to help
, MN551 Midterm
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result your lungs expand as
of being largely immobile. Which of the follow- much as possible while
ing teaching points by her nurse practitioner you're in bed."
is most appropriate?
Question options:
8. A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram re- Aortic valve stenosis
veals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection frac-
tion from the heart. What is this patient's most
likely diagnosis?
9. A couple who are expecting their first child "Stem cells can be used
have been advised by friends to consider har- as a source of reserve
vesting umbilical cord blood in order to have cells for the entire blood
a future source of stem cells. The couple have production system."
approached their nurse practitioner with this
request and are seeking clarification of exact-
ly why stem cells are valuable and what they
might expect to gain from harvesting them.
How can the nurse practitioner best respond
to the couple's inquiry?
10. A child possesses a trait that is the result The outcome is the result
of the interaction of two different genes, nei- of the interaction between
ther of which could have produced the trait collaborative genes.
independently. Which of the following expla-
nations best captures the genetic explanation
for this?
11. A 55-year-old man has made an appointment Overactive bladder that
to see his nurse practitioner because he has may result from both
been awakening three to four times nightly to neurogenic and myogenic
void and often has a sudden need to void with sources
little warning during the day. What is the man's
most likely diagnosis and possible underlying
pathophysiologic problem?
12. As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithe- Increased amounts of
lial cells are producing insufficient amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The
, MN551 Midterm
mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucocil- primary role of the mu-
iary blanket is compromised. Which of the fol- cociliary blanket is to trap
lowing changes would a care provider most foreign particles and bac-
reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this teria and thus prevent
change? their entry into the lungs.
The impaired ciliary func-
tion may result in an inad-
equate mucociliary blan-
ket, but the opposite re-
lationship is unlikely. De-
creased oxygen and in-
creased carbon dioxide
levels may eventually re-
sult, but not as a direct or
immediate consequence.
13. An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term Blood backs up into the
care facility has a history of congestive heart jugular vein because there
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the are no valves at the point
patient has positioned her sitting up at an an- of entry into the heart.
gle in bed and is observing her jugular venous
distention. Why is jugular venous distention
a useful indicator for the assessment of the
patient's condition?
14. Sputum samples from a patient with pneu- bacterial
monia contain an infective agent that has a
peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotox-
ins, replicates readily in broth and on agar,
grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain
when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumo-
nia is most likely:
15. A 45-year-old patient who experienced expo- Base pairs may have been
sure to radiation during an industrial accident rearranged by the radia-
several years prior is being assessed. Which tion exposure.
of the following phenomena may underlie the
genetic changes that have been noted in the
patient?
, MN551 Midterm
16. A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. splenomegaly and he-
Which of the following other health problems patomegaly
is the child at risk for?
17. Which of the following pregnant women has A woman who has herpes
most likely encountered the greatest increase simplex and recently re-
in the risk that her child will have a fetal anom- covered from endocarditis
aly?
18. Which of the following patients would be con- A 22-year-old male who
sidered to have a significant risk of develop- has lost a large amount
ing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? of blood following a work-
place injury
19. As part of the diagnostic workup for a male pa- Echocardiogram, PET
tient with a complex history of cardiovascular scan, ECG
disease, the care team has identified the need
for a record of the electrical activity of his
heart, insight into the metabolism of his my-
ocardium, and physical measurements, and
imaging of his heart. Which of the following
series of tests is most likely to provide the
needed data for his diagnosis and care?
20. A female patient is requiring supplementary Her thoracic cage is less
oxygen by facemask due to her reduced lung flexible than when she
compliance. Which of the following patho- was healthy.
physiologic processes is most likely to be a
contributor to her low lung compliance?
21. A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of Her kidneys will adapt with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is ex- an increase in plasma
periencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 HCO3- and her pH will de-
retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. crease.
Which of the following phenomena would her
care team most realistically anticipate?
22. A nurse practitioner is performing patient "I could come down with
teaching about the influenza virus with each viral or bacterial pneumo-
patient who has come to the clinic to receive
