PN FUNDAMENTAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE

PN FUNDAMENTAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATETerm What is the recommended fiber intake for a normal diet? Choose matching definition 30-31 g/day 15-20 g/day 10-15 g/day 25-30 g/day Don't know? 1 of 100 Term How do you access skin turgor? Choose matching definition -method for clearing the lungs by changing position; the Trendelenburg position is commonly used; -allows gravity to help drain mucous from lower and middle portions of lungs to the top of the lungs where it can be removed more easily - lifting and releasing a fold of skin on the forearm or chest under the clavicle; - a delay in the skin returning to its usual place is known as "tenting"; - tenting = dehydration or aging and increases the risk for skin breakdown - by compressing the skin for at least 5 seconds over a bony prominence [like behind the medial malleolus, dorsum of foot, or over the shin] - the depth of pitting reflects the degree of edema; - 2 mm = 1+ [trace edema]; - 4 mm = 2+ [mild edema]; - 6 mm = 3+ [moderate edema]; - 8 mm = 4+ [severe edema]; - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" Don't know? 2 of 100 Term Accountability Choose matching definition the refusal to accept responsibility for outcomes the act of hiding one's actions from scrutiny the practice of blaming others for one's mistakes ability to answer for one's own actions Don't know? 3 of 100 Term 1. When entering a client's room to change a surgical dressing, a nurse notes that the client is coughing and sneezing. When preparing the sterile field, it is important that the nurse Choose matching definition keep the sterile field at least 6 ft away from the client's bedside. instruct the client to refrain from coughing and sneezing during the dressing change. place a mask on the client to limit the spread of micro-organisms into the surgical wound. keep a box of facial tissues nearby for the client to use during the dressing change. Don't know? 4 of 100 Term what is a seizure? Choose matching definition gradual decrease in brain function over time constant brain activity without interruptions temporary loss of vision and hearing sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain Don't know? 5 of 100 Term Upon inspection, how should a healthy stoma appear? Choose matching definition - to cleanse the bowel; - better for clients who cannot tolerate a large volume of solution - no edema, masses, nodules, or tenderness; - areolas round and darker pigmented if respiratory rate is below 8/min and shallow, or the client is difficult to arouse - moist, shiny, and pink or red; - peristomal area should be intact, and skin should appear healthy Don't know? 6 of 100 Term When is the illness stage? Choose matching definition the time when only mild symptoms are present period when symptoms specific to the infection occur the phase when the infection is completely resolved the duration when symptoms are vague and non-specific Don't know? 7 of 100 Term Low sodium diet Choose matching definition only fresh fruits and vegetables no added salt or 1 to 2 g of sodium unlimited salt intake with low sugar high sodium intake with processed foods Don't know? 8 of 100 Term How does performing pulmonary hygiene every 2 hours decrease the growth of micro-organisms and development of pneumonia for an immobile client? Choose matching definition - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions; - stimulating ciliary movement and clearance; - and expanding the lungs - body functions normalize while responding to the stressor; - body attempts to cope w/the stressor and return to homeostatis increased pressure on skin and decreased circulation to tissues --- this causes ischemia --- which can lead to pressure ulcers - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and decreasing the growth of micro-organisms; - also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-organisms from entering the body Don't know? 9 of 100 Term How long should the patient retain the cleansing enema solution? Choose matching definition 5 to 10 min 20 to 30 min 10 to 15 min 10 to 20 min Don't know? 10 of 100 Term What is the difference between airborne and droplet precautions? Choose matching definition NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid overload - to stimulate evacuation; - use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution, thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid; - should only be performed once - do not repeat -PARTIAL seizures are due to electrical surges in one part of the brain; -GENERALIZED seizures involve the entire brain - slowed cap refill; - sunken eyes; - oliguria; - poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of hand for older adults due to decreased elasticity] - airborne precautions protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg; - droplet precautions protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client Don't know? 11 of 100 Term Where does gas exchange take place? Choose matching definition - in lung tissue between the alveoli and lung capillaries; - alveoli are surrounded by lung capillaries; - numerous small alveoli share common walls making a large surface area for gas exchange - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and decreasing the growth of micro-organisms; - also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-organisms from entering the body - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" - body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor; - the end of this stage results in recovery or death Don't know? 12 of 100 Term What is plantar flexion? Choose matching definition decreasing the angle of a joint a movement that decreases the angle bending the foot and toes downward turning the forearm so that the palm is down Don't know? 13 of 100 Term What are the modes of transmission for airborne pathogens? Choose matching definition watery and yellow-brown - sneezing; - coughing pasty and brown - no edema, masses, nodules, or tenderness; - areolas round and darker pigmented Don't know? 14 of 100 Term What is a role conflict? Choose matching definition - fatty protein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli; - alveolar walls have cells that secrete surfactant - without surfactant alveolar collapse [aka atelectasis] - this results in decreased gas exchange because of the decreased alveolar surface area -cane goes on stronger side of body; -move cane first, then affected leg, then unaffected leg -maintain 2 points of support on ground at all times; -support body weight on both legs - expectations of others and society regarding how one should behave when sick [e.g., caring for self and continuing to provide childcare to grandchildren] - develops when a person must assume opposing roles with incompatible expectations; - conflict may be interpersonal [e.g., when parents expect adolescents to participate in sports and perform household tasks]; or - inter-role [e.g., when a mother wants to stay at home with her infant, but family finances require her to work] Don't know? 15 of 100 Term what is the difference between a partial seizure and a general seizure? Choose matching definition -PARTIAL seizures are due to electrical surges in one part of the brain; -GENERALIZED seizures involve the entire brain - breasts firm, dense, elastic, and without lesions or nodules; - breast tissue granular or lumpy bilaterally in some - constipation; - orthostatic hypotension; - urinary retention; - nausea/vomiting; - sedation - respiratory depression - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved Don't know? 16 of 100 Term What signs and symptoms present during the 1st stage of inflammatory response / local infection? Choose matching definition - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and decreasing the growth of micro-organisms; - also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-organisms from entering the body - gloves + gowns; - private room; [can cohort w/same infection, just as long as each client has their own equipment] - redness [from dilation of the arterioles bringing blood to the area]; - warmth of area on palpation; - edema; - pain or tenderness; - loss of use of the affected part -Dry mucous membranes; Dry tongue; Sunken eyeballs; -Hypotension; Tachycardia; Fever; -Poor skin turgor; Decreased urine output; -Confusion; Upper body weakness; Decreased weight Don't know? 17 of 100 Term Ethical decision making Choose matching definition The process of ignoring scientific evidence in favor of personal beliefs Process that requires striking a balance between science and morality A rigid framework that disregards ethical considerations The act of making decisions based solely on legal guidelines Don't know? 18 of 100 Term A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about how to know and what to expect when ethical dilemmas arise. Which of the following situations should the students identify as an ethical dilemma? Choose matching definition A nurse on a medical-surgical unit demonstrates signs of chemical impairment. A nurse overhears another nurse telling an older adult client that if he doesn't stay in bed, she will have to apply restraints. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube feedings for their father, who is terminally ill. A client who is terminally ill hesitates to name her spouse on her durable power of attorney form. Don't know? 19 of 100 Term Soft/low-residue diet Choose matching definition - foods that are low in fiber and easy to digest; - dairy products and eggs, such as custard and yogurt, - foods that cause odors, such as asparagus, beans, cabbage, eggs, fish, garlic, onions; - more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of student, employee, and parent] - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" Don't know? 20 of 100 Term What are the stages of infection? Choose matching definition 1) incubation; 2) prodromal; 3) illness; 4) convalescence watery and yellow-brown - to cleanse the bowel; - better for clients who cannot tolerate a large volume of solution - breasts firm, dense, elastic, and without lesions or nodules; - breast tissue granular or lumpy bilaterally in some Don't know? 21 of 100 Term What infections require airborne precautions? Choose matching definition - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved - moist, shiny, and pink or red; - peristomal area should be intact, and skin should appear healthy Think of..."My Chicken Has TB" - Measles; - Chicken pox (varicella zoster); - Herpes zoster (shingles); - TB - also SARS *Note that varicella zoster and herpes zoster also require contact precautions - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" Don't know? 22 of 100 Term What foods should a client with an ostomy avoid to prevent flatus? Choose matching definition foods that are high in sugar and fat - foods that cause odors, such as asparagus, beans, cabbage, eggs, fish, garlic, onions; only foods that are bland and tasteless all fruits and vegetables regardless of their type Don't know? 23 of 100 Term Dysphagia diet Choose matching definition - pureed food and thickened liquids - also tucking the chin when swallowing helps propel food down the esophagus more easily protection of privacy without diminishing access to high-quality care - more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of student, employee, and parent] clear liquids + liquid dairy products, all juice, strained fruits, vegetables, and cereals Don't know? 24 of 100 Term For bowel training, when should you encourage the client to attempt to defecate? Choose matching definition when he/she has the urge; [failure to heed the call to defecate my lead to overdistention of the rectum w/hardening of the stool and subsequent constipation] - breasts firm, dense, elastic, and without lesions or nodules; - breast tissue granular or lumpy bilaterally in some to inspect their breasts in front of a mirror and palpate them during a shower - redness [from dilation of the arterioles bringing blood to the area]; - warmth of area on palpation; - edema; - pain or tenderness; - loss of use of the affected part Don't know? 25 of 100 Term When performing an emema, what determines the depth of cleansing? Choose matching definition the duration of time the enema is retained the temperature of the solution being administered the height of the bag above the rectum the type of solution used in the enema Don't know? 26 of 100 Term What is surfactant? Choose matching definition - fatty protein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli; - alveolar walls have cells that secrete surfactant - without surfactant alveolar collapse [aka atelectasis] - this results in decreased gas exchange because of the decreased alveolar surface area NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid overload - to stimulate evacuation; - use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution, thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid; - should only be performed once - do not repeat - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" - often given to soften stool before digital removal of fecal impaction; - to lubricate the rectum and the colon; - the oil is absorbed by the feces, making them softer and easier to pass; - instruct patients to retain the enema for as long as possible, usually 30 to 60 minutes if possible Don't know? 27 of 100 Term A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about the responsibilities involved with organ donation and procurement. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant have to meet the same qualifications, the students should understand that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles? Choose matching definition Fidelity Autonomy Justice Nonmaleficence Don't know? 28 of 100 Term What SKIN infections require contact precautions? Choose matching definition - pain that arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue other than that of the PNS and CNS; - usually throbbing, aching, localized; - typically responds to opioids and nonopioid medications C. The inner wrapping of an item on the sterile field D. An irrigation syringe on the sterile field E. One gloved hand with the other gloved hand B. Wash the hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds. D. Use a clean paper towel to turn off hand faucets. Think VCHIPS V = varicella zoster (chicken pox); C = cutaneous diphtheria; H = herpes simplex [until lesions crust over] and herpes zoster (shingles); I = impetigo P = pediculosis; S = scabies Don't know? 29 of 100 Term Autonomy Choose matching definition client's right to make own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in the client's own best interest - contribute to the growth and repair of body tissues; - each gram produces 4 kcal; - sources include ground beef, whole milk, and poultry clear liquids only and a bowel cleanser to inspect their breasts in front of a mirror and palpate them during a shower Don't know? 30 of 100 Term What is the purpose of a soap suds enema? Choose matching definition - more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of student, employee, and parent] - 2 or 3 days after menstruation ends; - postmenopausal clients should perform BSE on the same day of each month - to act as an irritant to promote bowel peristalsis; - use only pure castile soap in tap water or normal saline - breasts firm, dense, elastic, and without lesions or nodules; - breast tissue granular or lumpy bilaterally in some Don't know? 31 of 100 Term What to do when a client IS HAVING a seizure Choose matching definition Think of SPIDERMAN S = scarlet fever, sepsis, streptococcal pharyngitis; P = parvovirus b19, pertussis, pneumonia; I = influenza; D = diphtheria (pharyngeal); E = epiglottitis; R = rubella; M = meningitis, mumps, meningococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia AN - adenovirus - position using corrective devices; - turn every 1 to 2 hr; - teach clients who can to turn at least every 15 min; - provide chair-sitting-clients w/device to decrease pressure, limit chair sitting to < 2 hr, and instruct clients to shift weight every 15 min; - use therapeutic bed or mattress for clients in bed for an extended time; - monitor nutritional intake; - skin and perineal care -stay with client - call for help; -lower client to floor or bed, protect head, remove nearby furniture, provide privacy, put client on side w/head flexed slightly forward if possible, and loosen clothing; -admin meds as prescribed; -note duration of seizure, sequence and type of movement -ASSESS mental status, O2 sat, and vitals; -EXPLAIN what happened to client, provide comfort, and a quiet environment for client to recover; -DOCUMENT any precipitating behaviors and description of event [i.e., movements, injuries, duration, aura, postictal state], and report it to HCP Don't know? 32 of 100 Term Advocacy Choose matching definition the process of evaluating clients based solely on their medical history the act of prioritizing institutional policies over patient needs support of clients' health, safety, and personal rights the promotion of healthcare services without regard to patient consent Don't know? 33 of 100 Term What happens during the resistance stage? Choose matching definition - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport - mask - private room; [can cohort w/same infection, just as long as each client has their own equipment]; - mask on patient for transport - body functions normalize while responding to the stressor; - body attempts to cope w/the stressor and return to homeostatis - body functions are heightened to respond to stressors; - hormones are released -- which cause elevated BP and heart rate, heightened mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and increased blood flow to muscles Don't know? 34 of 100 Term A nurse is caring for a client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries. The nurse understands that this client's choice is an example of which of the following ethical principles? Choose matching definition Fidelity Autonomy Justice Nonmaleficence Don't know? 35 of 100 Term Medical asepsis [AKA: "Clean Technique"] Choose matching definition - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport - practices to reduce the number, growth, and spread of micro-organisms; - Used for: admin oral meds, managing NG tubes, providing personal hygiene, etc. - decrease inflammation; - prevent swelling; - reduce bleeding; - reduce fever; - diminish muscle spasms; - decrease pain by decreasing velocity of nerve conduction - in lung tissue between the alveoli and lung capillaries; - alveoli are surrounded by lung capillaries; - numerous small alveoli share common walls making a large surface area for gas exchange Don't know? 36 of 100 Term 3-Point Gait Choose matching definition The sequence involves alternating weight between both legs without crutches Weight is placed solely on the affected leg while using crutches Crutches are used without any weight bearing on the legs Weight is distributed on both crutches and then on the unaffected leg -- then repeat sequence Don't know? 37 of 100 Term What should you do before treating constipation with laxatives? Choose matching definition important of taking medications increase fiber and water consumption importance of exercise enema use Don't know? 38 of 100 Term What is a sick role? Choose matching definition the expectation that sick individuals should be completely isolated from others the idea that being sick is a sign of weakness and should be hidden the belief that one should ignore their illness and continue working - expectations of others and society regarding how one should behave when sick [e.g., caring for self and continuing to provide childcare to grandchildren] Don't know? 39 of 100 Term What are the 3 stages of stress reaction that make up the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? Choose matching definition 1) alarm reaction; 2) resistance stage; 3) exhaustion stage -Measures rest in the right atrium -2-6 mmHg -10< mmHg and you are not a cardiac patient -Measures left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (left ventricle preload) -4-12mmHg - volume stimulate peristalsis; - safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure Don't know? 40 of 100 Term What is role overload? Choose matching definition the ability to manage multiple roles with ease and efficiency a situation where one has complete control over their responsibilities having fewer responsibilities than one can handle comfortably - more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of student, employee, and parent] Don't know? 41 of 100 Term nursing interventions to reduce skin injury and maintain metabolism Choose matching definition - reposition every 1 to 2 hr; - instruct to turn, cough, and breathe deeply every 1-2 hr while awake; - instruct to use an incentive spirometer; - remove abdominal binders every 2 hr and replace correctly; - chest physiotherapy -- auscultate lungs to determine effectiveness of chest physiotherapy or other respiratory therapy; - instruct to consume at least 2,000 mL of fluid per day, unless restricted; - monitor ability to expectorate secretions; - suction if unable to expectorate secretions - some proteins such as red meat, fish, and poultry, also aspirin; - foods high in vitamin C can give false-negative - NSAIDs and anticoagulants should be discontinued 7 days prior to testing - airborne precautions protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg; - droplet precautions protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client - high-calorie and high-protein diet with vitamin B and C supplements; - monitor and evaluate oral intake; - for clients who cannot eat or drink, provide enteral or parenteral nutritional therapy Don't know? 42 of 100 Term What is dorsiflexion? Choose matching definition flexing the foot and toes upward moving toes downwards a movement that decreases the angle moving a body part away from the midline Don't know? 43 of 100 Term Paternalism Choose matching definition assumption that one person can assume responsibility for making the decisions of another person the practice of ignoring a person's preferences in decision-making the belief that everyone should make their own decisions regardless of circumstances the act of delegating tasks without any oversight Don't know? 44 of 100 Term What is CO (cardiac output)? How do you calculate it? What're the normal values? Choose matching definition - 2 or 3 days after menstruation ends; - postmenopausal clients should perform BSE on the same day of each month - the bronchioles depend entirely on the elastic recoil of lung to remain open; - elastic recoil decreases with age - no edema, masses, nodules, or tenderness; - areolas round and darker pigmented -The amount of blood ejected from the L. ventricle in 1 minute. -CO= SV*HR -4-8 L/min Don't know? 45 of 100 Term 4. A nurse is reviewing hand hygiene techniques with a group of assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include when discussing handwashing? (Select all that apply.) A. Apply 3 to 5 mL of liquid soap to dry hands. B. Wash the hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds. C. Rinse the hands with hot water. D. Use a clean paper towel to turn off hand faucets. E. Allow the hands to air dry after washing. Choose matching definition D. The flap farthest from the body Unless the nurse pulls the top flap [the one furthest from her body] away from her body first, she risks touching part of the inner surface of the wrap and thus contaminating it. B. Wash the hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds. D. Use a clean paper towel to turn off hand faucets. D. Beneficence Beneficence is taking positive actions to help others. By administering pain medication before the client attempts a potentially painful exercise like ambulation, the nurse is taking a specific and positive action to help the client. C. place a mask on the client to limit the spread of micro-organisms into the surgical wound. Don't know? 46 of 100 Term What are the steps for changing a stoma pouch? Choose matching definition 1) remove old pouch; 2) inspect stoma; 3) use mild soap and water to cleanse the skin, then dry it gently and completely; 4) apply paste if necessary; 5) measure and draw where to cut the skin barrier, allowing only the stoma to appear through the opening; 6) cut the opening in the skin barrier; 7) if necessary, apply barrier paste to creases; 8) apply skin barrier and pouch; 9) fold bottom of pouch and place closure clamp on the pouch -rescue equipment at bedside: O2, oral airway, suction equipment, and padding for bed rails; -remove items from environment that may cause injury to patient if seizure occurs; -assist w/ambulation and transfers; -advise family not to restrain client or put anything in the mouth if a seizure occurs 1) incubation; 2) prodromal; 3) illness; 4) convalescence -stay with client - call for help; -lower client to floor or bed, protect head, remove nearby furniture, provide privacy, put client on side w/head flexed slightly forward if possible, and loosen clothing; -admin meds as prescribed; -note duration of seizure, sequence and type of movement Don't know? 47 of 100 Term What are the modes of transmission for droplet pathogens? Choose matching definition - sneezing; - coughing; - talking moderate [aka conscious] sedation fibrocystic breast disease: tender cysts often more prominent during menstration - tachycardia; - hypertension; - anxiety; - diaphoresis; - muscle tension Don't know? 48 of 100 Term How do you assess pitting edema? Choose matching definition - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions; - stimulating ciliary movement and clearance; - and expanding the lungs - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return -rescue equipment at bedside: O2, oral airway, suction equipment, and padding for bed rails; -remove items from environment that may cause injury to patient if seizure occurs; -assist w/ambulation and transfers; -advise family not to restrain client or put anything in the mouth if a seizure occurs - by compressing the skin for at least 5 seconds over a bony prominence [like behind the medial malleolus, dorsum of foot, or over the shin] - the depth of pitting reflects the degree of edema; - 2 mm = 1+ [trace edema]; - 4 mm = 2+ [mild edema]; - 6 mm = 3+ [moderate edema]; - 8 mm = 4+ [severe edema]; Don't know? 49 of 100 Term What are the therapeutic effects of cold applications? Choose matching definition - decrease inflammation; - prevent swelling; - reduce bleeding; - reduce fever; - diminish muscle spasms; - decrease pain by decreasing velocity of nerve conduction - airborne precautions protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg; - droplet precautions protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client - constipation; - orthostatic hypotension; - urinary retention; - nausea/vomiting; - sedation - respiratory depression - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return Don't know? 50 of 100 Term Carbohydrates Choose matching definition - provide most of the body's energy and fiber; - each gram produces 4 kcal; - sources include whole grain breads, baked potatoes, and brown rice - specimens should be collected 3 times from 3 different defecations; - stool samples should come from fresh stools that are not contaminated with water or urine client's right to make own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in the client's own best interest - practices to eliminate all micro-organisms from an object or area to prevent contamination; - Used for: parenteral med admin, insertion of urinary catheters, surgical procedures, sterile dressing changes, etc. Don't know? 51 of 100 Term Some patients having a procedure or surgery involving the bowel have an order for an enema to be administered "until clear." This directs you to repeat the enema until the patient passes fluid that is clear of fecal matter. How many enemas can you administer in a row? Choose matching definition to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances, 13 is the max to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances, 3 is the max to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances, 2 is the max to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances, 6 is the max Don't know? 52 of 100 Term 3. A nurse has removed a sterile pack from its outside cover and placed it on a clean work surface in preparation for an invasive procedure. Which of the following flaps should the nurse unfold first? Choose matching definition The flap closest to the body The right side flap The left side flap The flap farthest from the body Don't know? 53 of 100 Term A nurse offers pain medication to a client who is postoperative prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles? Choose matching definition Fidelity Autonomy Justice Beneficence Don't know? 54 of 100 Term What are the unexpected findings upon palpation of a female client's breasts? Choose matching definition fibrocystic breast disease: tender cysts often more prominent during menstration normal breast tissue with no abnormalities increased sensitivity with no physical changes hard lumps that are always cancerous Don't know? 55 of 100 Term Surgical asepsis [AKA: "Sterile Technique"] Choose matching definition - practices to eliminate all micro-organisms from an object or area to prevent contamination; - Used for: parenteral med admin, insertion of urinary catheters, surgical procedures, sterile dressing changes, etc. - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis]; - increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka left shift]; - ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process or infection; - presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area - urinary stasis; - change in calcium metabolism w/hypercalcemia ---can result in renal calculi; - decreased fluid intake, poor perineal care, and indwelling urinary catheters = UTIs - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport Don't know? 56 of 100 Term How should you instruct a client to perform breast self examination [BSE]? Choose matching definition to perform the examination once a year only to inspect their breasts in front of a mirror and palpate them during a shower to only check their breasts while lying down to avoid touching their breasts completely Don't know? 57 of 100 Term What is the purpose of a normal saline enema? Choose matching definition -Measures rest in the right atrium -2-6 mmHg -10< mmHg and you are not a cardiac patient - volume stimulate peristalsis; - safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure -The amount of blood ejected from L. ventricle contraction -SV=CO/HR -60-88mL - no edema, masses, nodules, or tenderness; - areolas round and darker pigmented Don't know? 58 of 100 Term How does consuming adequate fluids help prevent infection? Choose matching definition - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and decreasing the growth of micro-organisms; - also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-organisms from entering the body - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport - slowed cap refill; - sunken eyes; - oliguria; - poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of hand for older adults due to decreased elasticity] Don't know? 59 of 100 Term Why does immobility cause pressure ulcers? Choose matching definition increased pressure on skin and decreased circulation to tissues --- this causes ischemia --- which can lead to pressure ulcers the use of improper bedding that leads to skin rashes excessive movement that causes skin irritation and breakdown poor nutrition that results in weakened skin and increased vulnerability Don't know? 60 of 100 Term What is the correct sequence of steps for an abdominal assessment? Choose matching definition 1) incubation; 2) prodromal; 3) illness; 4) convalescence to inspect their breasts in front of a mirror and palpate them during a shower -The amount of blood ejected from L. ventricle contraction -SV=CO/HR -60-88mL 1) inspection; 2) auscultation; 3) percussion; 4) palpation Don't know? 61 of 100 Term What are the modes of transmission for contact pathogens? Choose matching definition a movement that decreases the angle - do not alter crutches after fitting; - follow prescribed crutch gait; - support body weight at the hand grips w/elbows flexed at 30°; - position crutches on unaffected side when sitting or rising from a chair - develops when a person must assume opposing roles with incompatible expectations; - conflict may be interpersonal [e.g., when parents expect adolescents to participate in sports and perform household tasks]; or - inter-role [e.g., when a mother wants to stay at home with her infant, but family finances require her to work] - person to person; - object to person (indirect contact w/an inanimate object); - fecal-oral Don't know? 62 of 100 Term Full liquid diet Choose matching definition only water and herbal teas solid foods + raw vegetables, fruits, and nuts clear liquids + liquid dairy products, all juice, strained fruits, vegetables, and cereals high protein foods + whole grains Don't know? 63 of 100 Term What are signs and symptoms of dehydration in an OLDER ADULT? Choose matching definition -How much resistance the left ventricle pushes against to get blood volume out -900-1600 dynes/sec/cm - some proteins such as red meat, fish, and poultry, also aspirin; - foods high in vitamin C can give false-negative - NSAIDs and anticoagulants should be discontinued 7 days prior to testing - slowed cap refill; - sunken eyes; - oliguria; - poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of hand for older adults due to decreased elasticity] - gloves + gowns; - private room; [can cohort w/same infection, just as long as each client has their own equipment] Don't know? 64 of 100 Term Justice Choose matching definition the prioritization of profits over patient care inequality in resource distribution among patients strict adherence to rules without consideration for individuals fairness in care delivery and use of resources Don't know? 65 of 100 Term What is the Modified Trendelenburg position? Choose matching definition - more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of student, employee, and parent] - to cleanse the bowel; - better for clients who cannot tolerate a large volume of solution - adolescent boys: unilateral or bilateral [but asymetrical] gynecomastia; - older adult males: bilateral gynecomastia - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return Don't know? 66 of 100 Term What is the purpose of medicated enemas? Choose matching definition - airborne precautions protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg; - droplet precautions protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client - body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor; - the end of this stage results in recovery or death - volume stimulate peristalsis; - safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure - given for the local effect they exert on the rectal mucosa; - e.g., one contains the antibiotic neomycin, which is used to reduce bacteria in the colon before bowel surgery. - can also be given to produce a systemic effect; - e.g., one contains sodium polystyrene sulfonate [Kayexalate], which is administered to treat patients who have dangerously high serum potassium levels Don't know? 67 of 100 Term What are the modes of transmission for vector borne pathogens? Choose matching definition only through direct contact with infected individuals exclusively through contaminated water sources animals or insects; [e.g., ticks transmit Lyme disease and mosquitoes transmit West Nile and malaria] primarily through airborne particles in crowded places Don't know? 68 of 100 Term Low cholesterol diet Choose matching definition no more than 300 mg/day of dietary cholesterol only plant-based foods with no cholesterol unrestricted intake of all fats high cholesterol foods with no limits Don't know? 69 of 100 Term What PPE is required for droplet precautions? Choose matching definition - observe chest wall movement for symmetry; - auscultate breath sounds; - observe for productive cough, and note the color, amount, and consistency of secretions - mask - private room; [can cohort w/same infection, just as long as each client has their own equipment]; - mask on patient for transport - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return Don't know? 70 of 100 Term Pureed diet Choose matching definition clear and full liquids + diced or ground foods clear and full liquids + food and fluids that have been pureed to a thick liquid form [e.g., pureed meats, fruits, scrambled eggs] - decrease inflammation; - prevent swelling; - reduce bleeding; - reduce fever; - diminish muscle spasms; - decrease pain by decreasing velocity of nerve conduction - liquids that leave little residue - examples: clear fruit juices, gelatin, broth Don't know? 71 of 100 Term What happens during the alarm reaction? Choose matching definition 1) somatic - bones, joints, muscles, skin, or connective tissues; 2) visceral - internal organs such as the stomach or intestines; can cause referred pain; 3) cutaneous - skin or subcutaneous tissue NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid overload - to stimulate evacuation; - use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution, thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid; - should only be performed once - do not repeat - body functions are heightened to respond to stressors; - hormones are released -- which cause elevated BP and heart rate, heightened mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and increased blood flow to muscles - some proteins such as red meat, fish, and poultry, also aspirin; - foods high in vitamin C can give false-negative - NSAIDs and anticoagulants should be discontinued 7 days prior to testing Don't know? 72 of 100 Term What position should the patient be in for an enema? Choose matching definition lying flat on the back with legs straight sitting upright in a chair for comfort - on left side in sims position with right knee flexed; standing up to allow gravity to assist Don't know? 73 of 100 Term How to use a fire extinguisher Choose matching definition - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together; - RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5 seconds - in lung tissue between the alveoli and lung capillaries; - alveoli are surrounded by lung capillaries; - numerous small alveoli share common walls making a large surface area for gas exchange - by compressing the skin for at least 5 seconds over a bony prominence [like behind the medial malleolus, dorsum of foot, or over the shin] - the depth of pitting reflects the degree of edema; - 2 mm = 1+ [trace edema]; - 4 mm = 2+ [mild edema]; - 6 mm = 3+ [moderate edema]; - 8 mm = 4+ [severe edema]; P - PULL the pin; A - AIM at the base of the fire; S - SQUEEZE the levers; S - SWEEP extinguisher from side to side, covering area of the fire Don't know? 74 of 100 Term What is neuropathic pain? Choose matching definition - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together; - RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5 seconds - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy]; - usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles" - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved - airborne precautions protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg; - droplet precautions protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client Don't know? 75 of 100 Term What are the common side effects of opioid analgesics? Choose matching definition -PARTIAL seizures are due to electrical surges in one part of the brain; -GENERALIZED seizures involve the entire brain 1) incubation; 2) prodromal; 3) illness; 4) convalescence - sneezing; - coughing - constipation; - orthostatic hypotension; - urinary retention; - nausea/vomiting; - sedation - respiratory depression Don't know? 76 of 100 Term Minerals Choose matching definition are primarily found in processed foods and snacks only provide energy for physical activities - complete essential biochemical reactions in the body [e.g., calcium, potassium, sodium, iron] are unnecessary for maintaining health and wellness Don't know? 77 of 100 Term What infections require contact precautions? Choose matching definition -ASSESS mental status, O2 sat, and vitals; -EXPLAIN what happened to client, provide comfort, and a quiet environment for client to recover; -DOCUMENT any precipitating behaviors and description of event [i.e., movements, injuries, duration, aura, postictal state], and report it to HCP Think of SPIDERMAN S = scarlet fever, sepsis, streptococcal pharyngitis; P = parvovirus b19, pertussis, pneumonia; I = influenza; D = diphtheria (pharyngeal); E = epiglottitis; R = rubella; M = meningitis, mumps, meningococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia AN - adenovirus Think MRS. WEE M = multi-drug resistant organisms [e.g.,MRSA, VRSA]; R = respiratory infections [e.g., RSV]; S = skin infections [e.g., impetigo]; W = wound infections; E = enteric [e.g., c-diff, hep A]; E = eye infections [e.g., conjunctivitis] 1) somatic - bones, joints, muscles, skin, or connective tissues; 2) visceral - internal organs such as the stomach or intestines; can cause referred pain; 3) cutaneous - skin or subcutaneous tissue Don't know? 78 of 100 Term What are signs of stomal ischemia? Choose matching definition 1) incubation; 2) prodromal; 3) illness; 4) convalescence - volume stimulate peristalsis; - safest solution due to equal osmotic pressure - body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor; - the end of this stage results in recovery or death - pale pink in color; - black or purple in color; - appears dry Don't know? 79 of 100 Term Mechanical soft diet Choose matching definition high fiber foods + whole fruits only solid foods with no restrictions liquid supplements + pureed foods clear and full liquids + diced or ground foods Don't know? 80 of 100 Term respiratory changes due to immobility Choose matching definition - atrophy of muscles, decreased muscle endurance, strength, and mass; - impaired balance, decreased stability; - altered calcium metabolism = osteoporosis; - contractures; - foot drop; - altered joint mobility When: - A review of scientific data is not enough to solve it. - It involves a conflict between two moral imperatives. - The answer will have a profound effect on the situation and the client. increased pressure on skin and decreased circulation to tissues --- this causes ischemia --- which can lead to pressure ulcers - decreased respiratory movement --- results in decreased O2 and CO2 exchange; - stasis of secretions and decreased and weakened respiratory muscles --- results in atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia; - decreased cough response Don't know? 81 of 100 Term What do the bronchioles depend on to remain open? Choose matching definition - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return - the bronchioles depend entirely on the elastic recoil of lung to remain open; - elastic recoil decreases with age -PARTIAL seizures are due to electrical surges in one part of the brain; -GENERALIZED seizures involve the entire brain - breasts firm, dense, elastic, and without lesions or nodules; - breast tissue granular or lumpy bilaterally in some Don't know? 82 of 100 Term What is included in seizure precautions? Choose matching definition - by compressing the skin for at least 5 seconds over a bony prominence [like behind the medial malleolus, dorsum of foot, or over the shin] - the depth of pitting reflects the degree of edema; - 2 mm = 1+ [trace edema]; - 4 mm = 2+ [mild edema]; - 6 mm = 3+ [moderate edema]; - 8 mm = 4+ [severe edema]; -method for clearing the lungs by changing position; the Trendelenburg position is commonly used; -allows gravity to help drain mucous from lower and middle portions of lungs to the top of the lungs where it can be removed more easily -rescue equipment at bedside: O2, oral airway, suction equipment, and padding for bed rails; -remove items from environment that may cause injury to patient if seizure occurs; -assist w/ambulation and transfers; -advise family not to restrain client or put anything in the mouth if a seizure occurs - body functions are heightened to respond to stressors; - hormones are released -- which cause elevated BP and heart rate, heightened mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and increased blood flow to muscles Don't know? 83 of 100 Term mobility and immobility assessment focuses on: Choose matching definition - mobility; - range of motion (ROM); - gait; - exercise status; - activity tolerance; - body alignment while standing, sitting, and lying - body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor; - the end of this stage results in recovery or death - urinary stasis; - change in calcium metabolism w/hypercalcemia ---can result in renal calculi; - decreased fluid intake, poor perineal care, and indwelling urinary catheters = UTIs - turning; - coughing; - deep breathing; - incentive spirometry Don't know? 84 of 100 Term A nurse is caring for a client with a latex allergy. What steps should the nurse take when initiating an IV line on this client? Choose matching definition - avoid high fiber foods for first weeks after surgery [ex. fresh veggies]; [gives small bowel time to adapt to the diversion] - can eat almost any food including high fiber foods after ostomy heals -- this will actually be encouraged to help ensure more solid stool to achieve success at irrigation] -stay with client - call for help; -lower client to floor or bed, protect head, remove nearby furniture, provide privacy, put client on side w/head flexed slightly forward if possible, and loosen clothing; -admin meds as prescribed; -note duration of seizure, sequence and type of movement - reposition every 1 to 2 hr; - instruct to turn, cough, and breathe deeply every 1-2 hr while awake; - instruct to use an incentive spirometer; - remove abdominal binders every 2 hr and replace correctly; - chest physiotherapy -- auscultate lungs to determine effectiveness of chest physiotherapy or other respiratory therapy; - instruct to consume at least 2,000 mL of fluid per day, unless restricted; - monitor ability to expectorate secretions; - suction if unable to expectorate secretions • Label client's room as "latex-free" and keep latex-safe supply cart available in client's area • Use latex-safe gloves • Use latex-free equipment and supplies o Latex-safe syringes o Latex-safe IV tubing o Plastic or silk tape o Medications from glass ampules o No rubber injection ports o No medications w/a rubber stopper requiring puncture w/needle • Ensure epi and airway equipment at the ready in case of a reaction Don't know? 85 of 100 Term Vitamins Choose matching definition - necessary for metabolism; - fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K; - water-soluble vitamins include C and B complex - body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor; - the end of this stage results in recovery or death - redness [from dilation of the arterioles bringing blood to the area]; - warmth of area on palpation; - edema; - pain or tenderness; - loss of use of the affected part - tachycardia; - hypotension; - fever; - poor skin turgor; [all manifestations caused by dehydration] Don't know? 86 of 100 Term What PPE is required for airborne precautions? Choose matching definition - pain that arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue other than that of the PNS and CNS; - usually throbbing, aching, localized; - typically responds to opioids and nonopioid medications 1) rinse under cold water [because hot water coagulates proteins which makes them adhere]; 2) wash with soap and water; 3) remove organic materials w/a brush; 4) rinse under warm water; 5) dry instrument Think of SPIDERMAN S = scarlet fever, sepsis, streptococcal pharyngitis; P = parvovirus b19, pertussis, pneumonia; I = influenza; D = diphtheria (pharyngeal); E = epiglottitis; R = rubella; M = meningitis, mumps, meningococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia AN - adenovirus - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport Don't know? 87 of 100 Term Nonmaleficence Choose matching definition avoidance of harm or injury to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances, 3 is the max the height of the bag above the rectum no added salt or 1 to 2 g of sodium Don't know? 88 of 100 Term What are signs and symptoms of dehydration? Choose matching definition -Dry mucous membranes; Dry tongue; Sunken eyeballs; -Hypotension; Tachycardia; Fever; -Poor skin turgor; Decreased urine output; -Confusion; Upper body weakness; Decreased weight - pale pink in color; - black or purple in color; - appears dry - decrease inflammation; - prevent swelling; - reduce bleeding; - reduce fever; - diminish muscle spasms; - decrease pain by decreasing velocity of nerve conduction - beer, carbonated drinks, dairy products; - broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, corn, cucumbers, dried beans, mushrooms, onions, peas, radishes, and spinach Don't know? 89 of 100 Term What labs indicate the presence of infection? Choose matching definition NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid overload - to stimulate evacuation; - use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution, thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid; - should only be performed once - do not repeat - often given to soften stool before digital removal of fecal impaction; - to lubricate the rectum and the colon; - the oil is absorbed by the feces, making them softer and easier to pass; - instruct patients to retain the enema for as long as possible, usually 30 to 60 minutes if possible - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis]; - increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka left shift]; - ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process or infection; - presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area - decrease inflammation; - prevent swelling; - reduce bleeding; - reduce fever; - diminish muscle spasms; - decrease pain by decreasing velocity of nerve conduction Don't know? 90 of 100 Term Responsibility Choose matching definition the ability to ignore commitments when they become inconvenient willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises the tendency to prioritize personal interests over responsibilities the practice of making promises without any intention to fulfill them Don't know? 91 of 100 Term To clean a surgical instrument prior to sterilization Choose matching definition 1) rinse under cold water [because hot water coagulates proteins which makes them adhere]; 2) wash with soap and water; 3) remove organic materials w/a brush; 4) rinse under warm water; 5) dry instrument - practices to eliminate all micro-organisms from an object or area to prevent contamination; - Used for: parenteral med admin, insertion of urinary catheters, surgical procedures, sterile dressing changes, etc. - specimens should be collected 3 times from 3 different defecations; - stool samples should come from fresh stools that are not contaminated with water or urine Think MRS. WEE M = multi-drug resistant organisms [e.g.,MRSA, VRSA]; R = respiratory infections [e.g., RSV]; S = skin infections [e.g., impetigo]; W = wound infections; E = enteric [e.g., c-diff, hep A]; E = eye infections [e.g., conjunctivitis] Don't know? 92 of 100 Term What is the bowel prep for a colonoscopy? Choose matching definition only high-fiber foods to promote bowel movement clear liquids only and a bowel cleanser solid foods and no preparation needed a combination of liquids and solid foods for balance Don't know? 93 of 100 Term What is the Reverse Trendelenburg position? Choose matching definition - the bronchioles depend entirely on the elastic recoil of lung to remain open; - elastic recoil decreases with age - entire bed is tilted with the foot of bed lower than head of bed; - promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux; - remember: you use your feet to go in reverse and your feet are what tilt down for reverse Trendelenburg - client remains flat w/legs elevated above level of heart; - used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved Don't know? 94 of 100 Term When is the prodromal stage? Choose matching definition period from onset of general symptoms to more distinct symptoms; [the pathogen is multiplying during this time] the phase when the pathogen is dormant and not causing any symptoms the stage when symptoms completely disappear the time when the body is fighting off the infection effectively Don't know? 95 of 100 Term What is the purpose of a tap water enema? Choose matching definition NOW CONTRAINDICATED PER ATI due to risk for fluid overload - to stimulate evacuation; - use caution when using tap water because it is a hypotonic solution, thus it pulls electrolytes from the body into the fluid; - should only be performed once - do not repeat - given for the local effect they exert on the rectal mucosa; - e.g., one contains the antibiotic neomycin, which is used to reduce bacteria in the colon before bowel surgery. - can also be given to produce a systemic effect; - e.g., one contains sodium polystyrene sulfonate [Kayexalate], which is administered to treat patients who have dangerously high serum potassium levels - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis]; - increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka left shift]; - ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process or infection; - presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area - often given to soften stool before digital removal of fecal impaction; - to lubricate the rectum and the colon; - the oil is absorbed by the feces, making them softer and easier to pass; - instruct patients to retain the enema for as long as possible, usually 30 to 60 minutes if possible Don't know? 96 of 100 Term What are some general cane instructions? Choose matching definition - do not alter crutches after fitting; - follow prescribed crutch gait; - support body weight at the hand grips w/elbows flexed at 30°; - position crutches on unaffected side when sitting or rising from a chair -cane goes on stronger side of body; -move cane first, then affected leg, then unaffected leg -maintain 2 points of support on ground at all times; -support body weight on both legs - pale pink in color; - black or purple in color; - appears dry 1) gloves; 2) eyewear; 3) gown; 4) mask; [remember "m" comes last in the list alphabetically] Don't know? 97 of 100 Term How should stool specimens for serial fecal occult blood be collected? Choose matching definition - to expel flatus; - after instilling the solution, lower the container to allow the solution to flow back into the container; - repeat the process several times until patient expels flatus and abdominal distention is relieved - high-calorie and high-protein diet with vitamin B and C supplements; - monitor and evaluate oral intake; - for clients who cannot eat or drink, provide enteral or parenteral nutritional therapy - avoid high fiber foods for first weeks after surgery [ex. fresh veggies]; [gives small bowel time to adapt to the diversion] - can eat almost any food including high fiber foods after ostomy heals -- this will actually be encouraged to help ensure more solid stool to achieve success at irrigation] - specimens should be collected 3 times from 3 different defecations; - stool samples should come from fresh stools that are not contaminated with water or urine Don't know? 98 of 100 Term Confidentiality Choose matching definition the complete restriction of information to patients the practice of sharing patient information freely without consent protection of privacy without diminishing access to high-quality care the prioritization of institutional confidentiality over patient rights Don't know? 99 of 100 Term What are nursing interventions to maintain intact skin Choose matching definition - given for the local effect they exert on the rectal mucosa; - e.g., one contains the antibiotic neomycin, which is used to reduce bacteria in the colon before bowel surgery. - can also be given to produce a systemic effect; - e.g., one contains sodium polystyrene sulfonate [Kayexalate], which is administered to treat patients who have dangerously high serum potassium levels - mask [N95 if TB]; - if splashing or spraying is a possible, wear full face protection including eyes, nose, and mouth; - negative pressure room; - private room; - mask on patient for transport 1) somatic - bones, joints, muscles, skin, or connective tissues; 2) visceral - internal organs such as the stomach or intestines; can cause referred pain; 3) cutaneous - skin or subcutaneous tissue - position using corrective devices; - turn every 1 to 2 hr; - teach clients who can to turn at least every 15 min; - provide chair-sitting-clients w/device to decrease pressure, limit chair sitting to < 2 hr, and instruct clients to shift weight every 15 min; - use therapeutic bed or mattress for clients in bed for an extended time; - monitor nutritional intake; - skin and perineal care