Middle East 1857-1967
1861-65 American Civil War
1869 Suez Canal opens Constitutional
1875 Disraeli buys Suez Canal Shares Reform/growth/reduction
1877 Russo-Turkish War International rivalry/foreign
1878 British and French ministers brought in to administer the Egyptian economy
powers
Evelyn Baring becomes Controller-General British policy/Reforms
Cyprus Convention Economics
Individuals
1879 Isma’il Pasha deposed. Tewfiq becomes new Khedive
Military campaigns
1881 Egyptian nationalist party revived watami party Nationalism/Indigenous
1882 Arabi Pasha Revolt people
June - Riots in Alexandria
Campaign to gain control of Egypt – victory at Tel el Kebir
Egypt declared a protectorate
1883 Evelyn Baring becomes Consul General
1889 Salisbury accepts Egypt as a permeant responsibility
1893 Egyptian nationalist party revived
1900 Largest single employer in Egypt was Thomas Cook
1902 Awan Dam Opened
1904 Anglo-French entente
1906 June - Denswari Incident
1907 Baring replaced by Gorst
1908 Baring publishes Modern Egypt
1909 University founded in Egypt
Tighter censorship in Egypt
1911 Gorst replaced by Kitchener in Egypt
1913 New legislative Assembly in Egypt
1914-18 WW1 – Egypt comes under direct British rule, becomes an official protectorate
(Ottomans side with Germany). 1.2m Egyptians defended Egypt and the Middle East,
100 000 fight in Europe, key base for British troops
1915 Gallipoli Campaign
1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement
1917 Balfour Declaration
1918 Zionist Commission set up
Muslim Christian association set up
1918-20 Violence between Arabs and Jews in Palestine
1919 Nationalist demonstrations in Egypt
1919-20 Treaty of Versailles – mandates granted in the Middle East
1920 Hanganah established
Revolt in Bagdad Iraq
1921 Cairo Conference – allowed limited local self-gov in Iraq
1922 Egyptian independence – still effectively a client state, Britain maintained control of
foreign policy/defence
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty – confirmed Faisal as king
1923 Treaty of Lausanne
1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1931 Recommendations or restricting Jewish land acquisition
1932 Iraq granted independence
1933 Hitler comes to power – increasing immigration into Palestine
1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty – British troops withdrew except 10 000 troops to defend Suez
Canal Zone
Britain sends 20 000 troops to Palestine to deal with Arab rioting
1937 Egypt joins the League of Nations
The Peel Report – not implemented because of ethnic tensions
1937-39 Policy of repression in Palestine because of escalating violence
1939-45 WW2 – Britain effectively takes over Egypt which causes resentment. Britain changed its
policy on Palestine – whereby there would be an Arab state with special Jewish
privileges
1861-65 American Civil War
1869 Suez Canal opens Constitutional
1875 Disraeli buys Suez Canal Shares Reform/growth/reduction
1877 Russo-Turkish War International rivalry/foreign
1878 British and French ministers brought in to administer the Egyptian economy
powers
Evelyn Baring becomes Controller-General British policy/Reforms
Cyprus Convention Economics
Individuals
1879 Isma’il Pasha deposed. Tewfiq becomes new Khedive
Military campaigns
1881 Egyptian nationalist party revived watami party Nationalism/Indigenous
1882 Arabi Pasha Revolt people
June - Riots in Alexandria
Campaign to gain control of Egypt – victory at Tel el Kebir
Egypt declared a protectorate
1883 Evelyn Baring becomes Consul General
1889 Salisbury accepts Egypt as a permeant responsibility
1893 Egyptian nationalist party revived
1900 Largest single employer in Egypt was Thomas Cook
1902 Awan Dam Opened
1904 Anglo-French entente
1906 June - Denswari Incident
1907 Baring replaced by Gorst
1908 Baring publishes Modern Egypt
1909 University founded in Egypt
Tighter censorship in Egypt
1911 Gorst replaced by Kitchener in Egypt
1913 New legislative Assembly in Egypt
1914-18 WW1 – Egypt comes under direct British rule, becomes an official protectorate
(Ottomans side with Germany). 1.2m Egyptians defended Egypt and the Middle East,
100 000 fight in Europe, key base for British troops
1915 Gallipoli Campaign
1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement
1917 Balfour Declaration
1918 Zionist Commission set up
Muslim Christian association set up
1918-20 Violence between Arabs and Jews in Palestine
1919 Nationalist demonstrations in Egypt
1919-20 Treaty of Versailles – mandates granted in the Middle East
1920 Hanganah established
Revolt in Bagdad Iraq
1921 Cairo Conference – allowed limited local self-gov in Iraq
1922 Egyptian independence – still effectively a client state, Britain maintained control of
foreign policy/defence
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty – confirmed Faisal as king
1923 Treaty of Lausanne
1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1931 Recommendations or restricting Jewish land acquisition
1932 Iraq granted independence
1933 Hitler comes to power – increasing immigration into Palestine
1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty – British troops withdrew except 10 000 troops to defend Suez
Canal Zone
Britain sends 20 000 troops to Palestine to deal with Arab rioting
1937 Egypt joins the League of Nations
The Peel Report – not implemented because of ethnic tensions
1937-39 Policy of repression in Palestine because of escalating violence
1939-45 WW2 – Britain effectively takes over Egypt which causes resentment. Britain changed its
policy on Palestine – whereby there would be an Arab state with special Jewish
privileges
