BME Exam 1 Answers with correct answers 2024 graded A+ 2024

What is the earliest civilization that showed evidence of advanced (for the time) healthcare technology? - answer-Egyptian An early pioneer and healthcare delivery innovator who helped shape modern medicine as well as the practice of biomedical engineering was _______. - answer-Hippocrates Medical technology was held in abeyance for many years, finally to burst forth and advance during a period known as: - answer-Renaissance One of the first fundamental principles of medicine, and later biomedical engineering, was stated by: - answer-Hippocrates Fill in the blank: there is a famous quote that underlies all biomedical engineers do, even to this day, this quote is: "measure what is ___________ and make ____________ what is not so". - answer-measurable Two important (even to the present day) biomedical engineering invention(s) of Galileo were the: - answer-thermoscope and pendulum instrumentation developed by Galileo was important because it enabled a fundamental ______________shift by enabling human health related processes to be ________________. - answer-paradigm, measured Hospitals have always been the locus of high technology healthcare instruments and systems - answer-false The role of the hospital in human healthcare has changed ___________ during the past 150 years - answer-substantially the word ingenium has nothing to do with biomedical engineering - answer-false (it means engineer) biomedical engineers use scientific principles from biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics to design devices, materials, and systems used to diagnose or treat diseases, traumatic injuries, congenital disorders - answer-true biomedical engineers develop quantitative objectives, design and conduct experiments, analyze data and draw conclusions regarding biological processes that have human healthcare relevance - answer-true All engineers, including biomedical engineers, use scientific principles and engineering skills to design materials, structures and systems while simultaneously considering: - answer-practicality, cost, safety, and regulations (all of the above) Biomedical engineers must have a sound understanding of science, particularly biology, so that they understand the basic mechanisms of how the human body works. - answer-true Considerations required of a biomedical engineer charged by his or her employer with developing a new total ankle prostheses might include: - answer-anatomy, biomaterials, orthopedic practice (how the surgeon applies the device to the patient), manufacturing processes, regulatory status of the impact, tribology (friction, wear, lubrication issues attending the joint), biological response to wear debris, biomechanics of the joint implant, patient factors (how the patient will use the implant), cost of the implant (ALL OF THE ABOVE) Two people are studying the biology attending Type 2 diabetes in humans. Person A is interested in the related biological processes because new information about diabetes will help others with this disease. Person B is interested in the related biological processes because new information about diabetes will help lead to a new diabetes monitoring system. Which one of these people would most likely be a scientist? - answer-person A The fields of medicine and biomedical engineering each have their own subspecialty fields of endeavor. These subspecialty fields have arisen due primarily to: - answer-increases in knowledge The predominant and most important principle found in all engineering Codes of Ethics is: - answer-protect the public Science and engineering are founded upon principles summarily contained in two words. These words are: - answer-honesty, trust The $125 million Mars Climate Orbiter crashed due to a failure of engineering: - answer-communications Biomedical engineers do not: - answer-repair diagnostic medical instrumentation, routinely fit prostheses or orthotics to amputees, serve as clinical technicians, refurbish used medical devices (ALL OF THE ABOVE) Choose the best word that describes the field of biomedical engineering, i.e., biomedical engineering is a ________________ field (fill in the blank): - answer-multidisciplinary Engineering codes of ethics: - answer-are formal statements of general principles and professional conduct, are required of all members of a particular profession, e.g. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, identify the responsibility of the individual member of that organization to the public, clients, employers and the profession, are useful because they provide guidance for general professional thinking and behavior (ALL OF THE ABOVE) fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words: while engineering Codes of Ethics provide _________ for professional behavior, interpretation of these Codes of Ethics to ____________ requires sound judgment by the engineer. This is one of the reasons formal engineering educational curricula includes teaching engineering ethics and engineering Codes of Ethics. - answer-general principles, specific circumstances The "big three" offenses in science and engineering are: - answer-data fabrication, data falsification, plagiarism questioning the interpretation of engineering data_________ - answer-is healthy and encouraged ad lib refers to a______ - answer-patients wishes DOE means_____ - answer-shortness of breath in vivo means _______ - answer-in a living animal in vitro means ____________ - answer-in or under glass (as in cell culture) O.U. means________ - answer-both eyes s/p means ________ - answer-status post the root word ptysis means________ - answer-spitting the root word rrhapy means ________ - answer-suture You are reading post operative notes dictated quickly by a surgeon who used your company's intramedullary fracture fixation rod to treat a femur fracture. The instructions for the device specifically indicate that the device must be inserted into the femur in an antegrade direction. Upon reading the operative report, you observe that the surgeon inserted the rod in the femur in a caudad direction. Did the surgeon follow the instructions you provided? - answer-true during a "Three Stooges" episode, one of the characters is on the receiving end of a pie being thrown at their face (see image). Which anatomical plane(s) are covered by pie residue? (The one is on the front and top of her face/head) - answer-transverse, coronal _______ (fill in the blank) is an exceptionally useful tool for biomedical engineers because it allows for the explanation of the collective workings of an object of method by describing the individual constituents - answer-reductionism Cells, the organizational unit of life, have varying: - answer-shapes, sizes, compositions, functions (ALL OF THE ABOVE) Causation of events can be determined by: - answer-Aristotles criteria, hills criteria Which of the following can NOT be a basis for an engineering model of a biological system: - answer-regulatory when engineers build models of physiologic systems, they engage in an activity called "encoding". This refers to: - answer-incorporating perturbation- related changes into the model You are studying for this quiz with a roommate who has ingested, per the medical notes, a "surplus" of EtOH. As a result, some of your roommate's answers to questions posed may not be correct. Your roommate tells you that the following are the core principles of physiology. Which of these statements are incorrect: - answer-living tissues are the fundamental basis of life, heterogeneity is the central theme of physiology, physiologic controls systems employ negative and positive feedback as well as anticipatory and defensive mechanisms Examples of negative feedback mechanisms include all but the following: - answer-hemorrhage and blood clotting an example of an anticipatory mechanism is salivation - answer-true tendons and ligaments have similar, but not precisely identical structures. Tendons connect ___________ while ligaments connect ____________ - answer-bone to muscle, bone to bone one of the body's most important tendons is the ____________ tendon. This tendon was named from a figure in Greek mythology and is responsible for enabling heel elevation and normal human walking & running. - answer-achilles the tensile mechanical behavior of normal physiologically moist human tendon is __________ - answer-nonlinear the engineering performance of normal human muscle is ______________ to that of an internal combustion engine because muscle produces it's greatest force at _______________ - answer-opposite, zero contraction velocity which of the following factors do not play a role in maximum muscle force contraction: - answer-anatomic cross section of muscle Which of the following properties incorrectly describe the properties of normal human articular cartilage: - answer-smooth surface (compared to other engineering bearing surfaces) human cortical bone is a composite material made of mineral and matrix (primarily collagen). This structure enables human bone to have engineering properties that rival those of: - answer-concrete Which of the following were not among the components of a vector used in class to solve simple biomechanics problems: - answer-thickness of the line representing the vector Engineering models of the human musculoskeletal system draw upon the six simple machines known to man. Which of these simple machines were used in our biomechanics lectures to solve for joint reaction forces at the knee (during stair climbing) and the hip (during single leg stance)? - answer-pulley, lever Solutions to the joint reaction forces at the knee and hip, as worked during lecture, underestimated the real-world joint reaction forces because of the: - answer-static approach used What engineering principle was key to solving the stair climbing problem in which the forces generated by the quadriceps muscle force were sought by the calculation we made during class? - answer-concrete force model Advantages of specificity in the written objectives for defining a biomechanics problem include all but the following: - answer-confuses nontechnical readers