WJEC Criminology Unit 2 Exam Prep (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A

WJEC Criminology Unit 2 Exam Prep (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A Q: What is the XYY Theory ? Answer: The XYY theory is where some males have an extra Y chromosome which makes them more aggressive. Criminality is genetic, and these people with an abnormality are more likely to commit crime. Q: Strengths of XYY Answer: Adler found that it is possible that aggressive and violent behavior links partly to genetic factors. Jacobs et al found that more men in prison have xyy that in the outside world. Theildgard found that XYY men are more likely to be aggressive. Q: Weaknesses of XYY Answer: Genetic abnormalities widespread through the population meaning that they do not explain aggression. They ignore the fact that crime could be caused by other factors like behavioral ones. Theilgard compared the characteristics of XYY men and XY men, he found that xyy men had a slightly higher rate of aggression but that doesn't explain how they committed crime. Q: Twin Studies Strength Answer: .Such stories are natural experiments, as the biological relationships between the twins is a naturally occurring variable, 2.Christiansen (1977) supports the view that criminality does have a genetic component. 3.The results of twin studies have helped in the prevention of vulnerable disorders. Q: Twin Studies Weaknesses Answer: If twins are brought up in the same household then it could be linked to nurture rather than genetics. Early studies lack vadility as they were not controlled correctly as the twins were picked based on their appearance rather than their genetics (MZ or DZ). Only a small sample of 30 sets of twins were used in the experiment meaning it may not be a true representation of the general population. Q: What is the Social Learning Theory? Answer: The social learning theory states that we learn how to behave based on observing those around us. The bobo doll experiment was used to back up Albert Bandura's theory, where children watched an aggressive adult abuse the doll and then the children were put into the room with the doll and they imitated the behavior that they had observed. Q: Strengths of SLT Answer: Experiments like the Bobo Doll one can be replicated with slight changes and the results will still be the same. The experiment showed the cause of aggression was due to watching the model. The Bobo Doll experiment was controlled precisely which makes the experiment more accurate. Q: Weaknesses of SLT Answer: Scientists are highly critical of laboratory studies of imitation as they have lower natural validity, as it wasn't a natural situation and often doesn't occur in a normal family situation for a child. The child did not get time to interact with the adult before they watched and imitated the behaviour. The doll was a object that the children had not seen before if they knew what it was and had seen it before they may not be as aggressive to the doll as they may like it. The experiment could have been unethical and they do not know the long term effects of the experiment on the children. Q: What is the Psychodynamic Theory? Answer: This is a theory by Sigmund Freud where he says that the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind are at a battle with each other. There are three parts of the personality, the ID, the Ego and the Super Ego. The ID is the selfish part of the brain that you are born with, criminals are ID dominated as they only think about themselves. The Ego develops in childhood around the ago of 7 which helps to balance these selfish thoughts and tries to find ways to get these desires but remembering that we live in reality. Finally the super ego is at the top it is the best version of the personality that someone can be as it is self critical so it makes decisions based on rules and regulations set by society and family members. Q: Strengths of Psychodynamic Theory Answer: It makes important links with childhood experiences. It has also paved the way for later research. Q: Weaknesses of Psychodynamic Theory Answer: The psychodynamic theories of offending are no longer widely affected by psychologists. It is impossible to prove to the unconscious minds or the other parts of the brain. It is unscientific and