100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached 4.2 TrustPilot
logo-home
Summary

Samenvatting - Biologie (B-VIVZ-V5F333-2324)

Rating
4.0
(1)
Sold
11
Pages
73
Uploaded on
15-10-2023
Written in
2023/2024

Samenvatting van het vak 'Biologie'. Dit vak wordt gegeven in de bachelor toegepaste psychologie aan de hogeschool VIVES in Kortrijk. De samenvatting is gebaseerd op de cursus van afstandsonderwijs, maar deze zou overlappen met het dagonderwijs. De inhoudsopgave is terug te vinden in het document.

Show more Read less
Institution
Module











Whoops! We can’t load your doc right now. Try again or contact support.

Written for

Institution
Study
Module

Document information

Uploaded on
October 15, 2023
Number of pages
73
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Summary

Subjects

Content preview

Biologie
Deel 1 – neurofysiologie
Deel 2 – erfelijkheidsleer




2023-2024
Samenvatting



Yade Houben
VIVES Kortrijk

,Inhoud

DEEL 1 - NEUROFYSIOLOGIE .............................................................................................................. 6
1. Anatomie en fysiologie ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 De mens als biologisch organisme ..................................................................................... 6
1.2 De taal van de biologie......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 Anatomische gebieden ................................................................................................................. 7
2. Het zenuwstelsel................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Belang van het zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Functies van het zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................. 7
2.4 Informatieoverdracht ......................................................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Neuroglia ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.4.2 Structuur van de neuronen................................................................................................. 8
2.4.3 Informatiegeleiding BINNEN het neuron.......................................................................... 9
2.4.4 Informatiegeleiding TUSSEN neuronen of synaptische transmissie ............................... 12
2.5 Het perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................. 14
2.5.1 Structuur van het perifeer zenuwstelsel ............................................................................ 14
2.6 Het centraal zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................. 14
2.6.1 Het ruggenmerg ................................................................................................................. 14
2.6.2 De hersenen ....................................................................................................................... 16
2.7 Functies van de cerebrale cortex ...................................................................................... 20
2.7.1 Sensorische gebieden ........................................................................................................ 21
2.7.2 De motorische gebieden .................................................................................................... 21
2.7.3 De associatiegebieden........................................................................................................ 21
2.8 Hemisferische lateralisatie ............................................................................................... 22
2.9 Hersenbeschadiging ......................................................................................................... 23
3. De zintuigen ................................................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Het zicht ............................................................................................................................ 24
3.1.1 Het oog .............................................................................................................................. 24
3.1.2 De werking van het oog .................................................................................................... 26
3.2 Het gehoor .........................................................................................................................27
3.2.1 De structuur van het oor....................................................................................................27
3.2.2 De werking van het oor ..................................................................................................... 28
3.2.3 Het oor en evenwicht ........................................................................................................ 28
3.3 De tastzin .......................................................................................................................... 28
3.4 De smaak........................................................................................................................... 29
4. Drugs en psychofarmaca ................................................................................................................ 29

2

, 4.1 Biologische werking van psychofarmaca ......................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Agonisten .......................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.2 Antagonisten ..................................................................................................................... 30
4.2 Classificatie van psychofarmaca ........................................................................................ 31
4.2.1 Slaap- en kalmeermiddelen ............................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 Antipsychotica of neuroleptica ......................................................................................... 32
4.2.3 Antidepressiva .................................................................................................................. 32
4.3 Drugs en druggebruik ....................................................................................................... 33
4.4 Gezondheidsrisico’s van druggebruik .............................................................................. 34
4.5 Alle drugs werken in op het beloningssysteem in de hersenen ....................................... 34
4.6 Bespreking van een aantal drugs.......................................................................................35
4.6.1 Verdovende middelen ........................................................................................................35
4.6.2 Stimulerende middelen ..................................................................................................... 37
4.6.3 Bewustzijnsveranderende middelen ................................................................................ 39
4.7 Schematisch overzicht drugs ............................................................................................ 42
DEEL 2 – ERFELIJKHEIDSLEER ....................................................................................................... 43
1. De erfelijke code ............................................................................................................................. 43
1.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 43
1.2 De cel ................................................................................................................................. 44
1.2.1 Het celmembraan en het kernmembraan ........................................................................ 44
1.2.2 Het cytoplasma of celsap ...................................................................................................45
1.2.3 De mitochondriën ..............................................................................................................45
1.2.4 Ribosomen .........................................................................................................................45
1.2.5 De centriolen......................................................................................................................45
1.2.6 De celkern ..........................................................................................................................45
1.3 Ons erfelijk materiaal ........................................................................................................45
1.4 Het karyogram .................................................................................................................. 46
1.4.1 De FISH techniek...............................................................................................................47
1.4.2 Array-CGH .........................................................................................................................47
1.5 De chromosoomformule of karyotype.............................................................................. 48
1.6 Hoe ziet het DNA eruit?.................................................................................................... 48
1.7 Van DNA naar lichaamseigenschappen ........................................................................... 48
1.7.1 Transcriptie van DNA naar RNA ...................................................................................... 49
1.7.2 Translatie van RNA naar eiwitten .................................................................................... 49
2. Celdelingen ..................................................................................................................................... 50
2.1 Mitose ............................................................................................................................... 50
2.2 De meiose / reductiedeling................................................................................................ 51
2.2.1 Meiose I.............................................................................................................................. 51
2.2.2 Meiose II ............................................................................................................................52
3

, 3. Mutaties ...........................................................................................................................................52
3.1 Genmutaties .......................................................................................................................52
3.1.1 Mogelijke oorzaken van mutaties ......................................................................................52
3.2 Genoommutaties of numerieke mutaties ..........................................................................52
3.2.1 Polyploïdie .........................................................................................................................53
3.2.2 Aneuploïdie ........................................................................................................................53
3.3 Chromosoommutaties .......................................................................................................55
3.3.1 Ongebalanceerde translocaties..........................................................................................56
3.3.2 Gebalanceerde translocatie ............................................................................................... 57
4. Mendeliaanse overerving ............................................................................................................... 58
4.1 Overerving voorspellen..................................................................................................... 58
4.1.1 Rooster van Punnett ..........................................................................................................59
4.1.2 Stamboom ..........................................................................................................................59
4.2 Autosomale aandoeningen ................................................................................................59
4.2.1 Dominante autosomale aandoening .................................................................................59
4.2.2 Recessief autosomale aandoening .................................................................................... 60
4.3 Geslachtsgebonden aandoeningen ................................................................................... 60
4.3.1 X-geslachtsgebonden recessieve aandoeningen .............................................................. 60
4.3.2 Dominante X-gebonden aandoeningen ............................................................................ 61
5. Niet-Mendeliaanse overerving ....................................................................................................... 62
5.1 Multifactoriële aandoeningen .......................................................................................... 62
5.1.1 Beïnvloeding van de omgeving ......................................................................................... 62
5.2 Polygenie ........................................................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 Additieve polygenie .......................................................................................................... 63
5.2.2 Drempelpolygenie............................................................................................................. 63
5.3 Onstabiele trinucleotide repeat sequenties ...................................................................... 64
5.4 Imprinting......................................................................................................................... 64
5.5 Epigenetica ....................................................................................................................... 64
5.6 Mitochondriale overerving ............................................................................................... 64
6. Preventie van erfelijke aandoeningen .............................................................................................65
6.1 Gezond zwanger zijn en blijven .........................................................................................65
6.2 Erfelijkheidsadvies ............................................................................................................65
6.2.1 Echografie ..........................................................................................................................65
6.2.2 Nekplooimeting .................................................................................................................65
6.2.3 Combinatietest .................................................................................................................. 66
6.2.4 NIP-test ............................................................................................................................. 66
6.2.5 Vruchtwaterpunctie .......................................................................................................... 66
6.2.6 Vlokkentest (chorionbiopsie) ............................................................................................67
6.3 Technieken om afwijkingen te vinden ..............................................................................67
4

Reviews from verified buyers

Showing all reviews
1 month ago

4.0

1 reviews

5
0
4
1
3
0
2
0
1
0
Trustworthy reviews on Stuvia

All reviews are made by real Stuvia users after verified purchases.

Get to know the seller

Seller avatar
Reputation scores are based on the amount of documents a seller has sold for a fee and the reviews they have received for those documents. There are three levels: Bronze, Silver and Gold. The better the reputation, the more your can rely on the quality of the sellers work.
yadehouben74 Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES
Follow You need to be logged in order to follow users or courses
Sold
17
Member since
2 year
Number of followers
4
Documents
10
Last sold
1 month ago

3.7

3 reviews

5
0
4
2
3
1
2
0
1
0

Recently viewed by you

Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their exams and reviewed by others who've used these revision notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No problem! You can straightaway pick a different document that better suits what you're after.

Pay as you like, start learning straight away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and smashed it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Frequently asked questions