Test Bank For Essentials of Anatomy And Physiology 2nd Edition By Kenneth Saladin

Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2e (Saladin) Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization 1) A cell starting prophase has double the DNA content in its nucleus. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 88 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 2) After mitosis is completed, each chromosome consists of two identical, parallel filaments called sister chromatids. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 91 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 3) Mitosis is responsible for embryonic development and tissue growth. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 89 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 4) A gene can be defined as a code on a segment of RNA that codes for the production of a polypeptide. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Genes and their action Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 5) DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis; Genes and their action Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 6) The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 7) All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 8) Some channel proteins are always open, while others open and close in response to stimuli. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 68 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.2b State the functions of each molecular component of the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 2 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 9) Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 69 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.2d Describe the structure and functions of microvilli, cilia, and flagella Gradable: automatic 10) One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by endothelial cells. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 77 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 11) Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by two layers of membrane. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 80 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 12) The nucleus is the largest organelle in most cells. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 80 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 3 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 13) Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 14) The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes but not lysosomes. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 15) A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 80 Section: 03.03 Topic: Intracellular organization Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3b give some examples of cell inclusions and explain how inclusions differ from organelles Gradable: automatic 16) DNA polymerase is most active in the ________ phase of the cell cycle. A) S B) G1 C) G2 D) M E) G0 Answer: A Page Ref: 88 Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 4 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 17) G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively called A) interphase. B) telophase. C) cytokinesis. D) prophase. E) anaphase. Answer: A Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 18) Which of the following is not associated with DNA replication? A) DNA B) DNA polymerase C) The nucleus D) Ribosomes E) The double helix Answer: D Page Ref: 88 Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 19) Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis? A) The S phase B) Telophase C) Metaphase D) Prophase E) Interphase Answer: B Page Ref: 91 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division; DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 5 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 20) The enzyme ________ reads the base sequence on one strand of DNA and assembles nucleotides in the right order to make a complementary strand. A) DNA polymerase B) DNA C) RNA polymerase D) RNA E) DNA synthase Answer: A Page Ref: 88 Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 21) All these can cause a mutation except A) radiation. B) viruses. C) chemicals. D) a mistake made by the DNA polymerase. E) a mistake made by the RNA polymerase. Answer: E Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 22) The phase during which sister chromatids aggregate along the equator of the cell is called ________. A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) interphase Answer: B Page Ref: 91 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 6 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 23) Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G1) phase? A) DNA is replicated. B) The nuclear envelope breaks down. C) The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis. D) The cell synthesizes proteins and grows. E) The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. Answer: D Page Ref: 88 Section: 03.04 Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.4a Describe the stages of a cells life cycle and list the events that define each stage Gradable: automatic 24) Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during A) S phase. B) G2 phase. C) prophase. D) metaphase. E) anaphase. Answer: E Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 25) Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods during ________. A) telophase B) anaphase C) interphase D) prophase E) metaphase Answer: D Page Ref: 91 Section: 03.04 Topic: Somatic cell division Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.4b Name the stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each Gradable: automatic 7 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 26) The complete set of an individual's genes is called the ________. A) genome B) chromatid C) nucleotide D) chromosome E) codon Answer: A Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Genes and their action Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 27) Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________, whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called ________. A) transcription; translation B) translation; transcription C) DNA replication; translation D) DNA duplication; transcription E) DNA translation; RNA transcription Answer: A Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 28) All of the following are directly involved in translation except A) DNA. B) mRNA. C) tRNA. D) rRNA. E) ribosomes. Answer: A Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 8 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 29) Transcription occurs in the ________, but most translation occurs in the ________. A) nucleus; cytoplasm B) nucleus; nucleolus C) cytoplasm; nucleus D) nucleolus; cytoplasm E) nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 30) Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to ________, respectively. A) tRNA, DNA, and mRNA B) DNA, tRNA, and mRNA C) tRNA, mRNA, and DNA D) DNA, RNA, and pre-mRNA E) RNA, DNA, and pre-mRNA Answer: C Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 31) Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates and lipids, how do cells produce them? A) The Golgi complex synthesizes carbohydrates, and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids. B) Cells are born with all the products they need. C) Cells absorb these products by endocytosis. D) Cells import these products from older cells. E) The Golgi complex synthesizes lipids, and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes carbohydrates. Answer: A Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 9 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 32) During translation, the genetic code is the correspondence between the ________ and the ________ that they represent. A) DNA molecule; 20 amino acids B) DNA molecule; 64 amino acids C) mRNA anticodons; 20 amino acids D) mRNA codons; 64 amino acids E) mRNA codons; 20 amino acids Answer: E Page Ref: 84 Section: 03.03 Topic: Protein synthesis Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3d Describe how cells synthesize, process, package, and secrete proteins Gradable: automatic 33) Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can be? A) a cell's lifespan B) nutrients available in the environment of a cell C) the relationship between its volume and length D) the relationship between its length and surface area E) the relationship between its volume and surface area Answer: E Page Ref: 66 Section: 03.01 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.1c State the size range of human cells and explain why cell size is limited Gradable: automatic 34) The fluid outside of a cell is called A) cytosol. B) intracellular fluid. C) extracellular fluid. D) cytoplasm. E) nucleoplasm. Answer: C Section: 03.01 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.1b Name the fluids inside and outside a cell. Gradable: automatic 10 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 35) The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are ________. A) glycolipids B) phospholipids C) prostaglandins D) proteins E) cholesterol molecules Answer: B Page Ref: 67 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.2a Describe the components of the plasma membrane that encloses each cell Gradable: automatic 36) Membrane proteins that receive and bind chemical signals from other cells, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, are called ________. A) receptors B) enzymes C) carriers D) cell-identity markers E) cell-adhesion molecules Answer: A Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.2b State the functions of each molecular component of the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 37) The ________ enables the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells. A) glycocalyx B) mitochondria C) microvilli D) phospholipids E) membrane proteins Answer: A Page Ref: 69 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.2c Describe the composition, appearance, and functions of the glycocalyx that coats each cell Gradable: automatic 11 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 38) ________ provide motility to a cell, ________ act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and ________ increase a cell's surface area. A) Cilia; microvilli; flagella B) Microvilli; cilia; flagella C) Microvilli; flagella; cilia D) Flagella; microvilli; cilia E) Flagella; cilia; microvilli Answer: E Page Ref: 69 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.2d Describe the structure and functions of microvilli, cilia, and flagella Gradable: automatic 39) Cells specialized for absorption and secretion in the small intestine have ________ in the cell membrane. A) flagella B) cilia C) microvilli D) ribosomes E) mitochondria Answer: C Page Ref: 69 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2d Describe the structure and functions of microvilli, cilia, and flagella Gradable: automatic 12 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 40) ________ consume ATP when transferring solutes from one side to the other side of the plasma membrane. A) Receptors B) Pumps C) Cell-adhesion molecules D) Channels E) Cell-identity markers Answer: B Page Ref: 75 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 41) Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called ________. A) simple diffusion B) osmosis C) active transport D) endocytosis E) facilitated diffusion Answer: B Page Ref: 74 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 13 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 42) The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium ________ their concentration gradients in a process called ________. A) up; active transport B) up; facilitated transport C) up; cotransport D) down; active transport E) down; countertransport Answer: A Page Ref: 75 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 43) Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both A) are processes involving transport of a solute up its concentration gradient. B) are processes involving transport of a solute down its concentration gradient. C) are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP. D) are ATP-independent processes. E) are cases of carrier-mediated transport. Answer: E Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 14 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 44) Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Simple diffusion C) Filtration D) Osmosis E) Active transport Answer: E Page Ref: 75 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 45) Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by A) active transport. B) exocytosis. C) simple diffusion. D) an antiport system. E) pinocytosis. Answer: E Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 46) White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of A) phagocytosis. B) cotransport. C) pinocytosis. D) active transport. E) receptor-mediated endocytosis. Answer: A Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 15 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 47) Which of these is an example of active transport? A) Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration B) Facilitated diffusion of K+ C) Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient D) Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration E) Transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient Answer: D Page Ref: 75 Section: 03.02 Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2f Explain the processes for moving material through the plasma membrane Gradable: automatic 48) These are all membranous organelles except A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes. C) the nucleus. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) the Golgi complex. Answer: B Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 49) Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals. Hepatocytes have large amounts of A) DNA. B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. C) microtubules. D) cilia. E) centrioles. Answer: B Page Ref: 80 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 16 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 50) What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A) Exocytosis B) Active transport C) Ciliary action D) Protein synthesis E) Osmosis Answer: D Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 51) What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death? A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Nucleus C) Centriole D) Lysosome E) Mitochondrion Answer: D Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 52) Muscle cells contain numerous ________ to serve their high demand for ATP. A) ribosomes B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) inclusions E) golgi vesicles Answer: C Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 17 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 53) Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells? A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Nucleus D) Mitochondrion E) Golgi complex Answer: A Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 54) Comprised of microtubules, ________ play an important role in cell division. A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) nucleoli D) centrioles E) inclusions Answer: D Page Ref: 83 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 55) ________ synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at ________. A) Smooth ER; rough ER B) The Golgi complex; rough ER C) Smooth ER; the Golgi complex D) The Golgi complex; smooth ER E) Ribosomes; smooth ER Answer: B Page Ref: 82 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 18 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 56) Which organelle decomposes fatty acids, and detoxifies alcohol, free radicals, and drugs? A) Lysosomes B) Microvilli C) Inclusions D) Peroxisomes E) Golgi vesicles Answer: D Page Ref: 83 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 57) Which of the following organelles is not involved in the protein synthesis, processing, and packaging process? A) Smooth ER B) Rough ER C) Golgi complex D) The nucleus E) Ribosomes Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Section: 03.03 Topic: Organelles Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.3c List the main organelles of cell and explain their functions Gradable: automatic 58) The ________ of the cell gives it structural support, determines the shape, and directs the movement of substances through the cell. A) smooth ER B) nucleus C) plasma membrane D) Golgi complex E) cytoskeleton Answer: E Page Ref: 78 Section: 03.03 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.3a Describe the cytoskeleton, its three components, and its functions Gradable: automatic 19 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 59) Cells of the intestinal wall resist leakage of intestinal contents due to ________. A) tight junctions B) gap junctions C) desmosomes D) hemidesmosomes E) connexons Answer: A Page Ref: 70 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2e Name the different types of junctions that connect cells to each other, and describe their functions Gradable: automatic 60) The uniformity of the contraction of the heart is aided by the ________ between the cells. A) tight junctions B) gap junctions C) desmosomes D) hemidesmosomes E) cell adhesion proteins Answer: B Page Ref: 70 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2e Name the different types of junctions that connect cells to each other, and describe their functions Gradable: automatic 20 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill 61) Which of the following cell junctions incorporates cell adhesion proteins and anchors the cell to the basement membrane? A) Tight junctions B) Gap junctions C) Desmosomes D) Hemidesmosomes E) Cell adhesion proteins Answer: D Page Ref: 70 Section: 03.02 Topic: Membrane structure and function Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.2e Name the different types of junctions that connect cells to each other, and describe their functions Gradable: automatic 62) The intracellular fluid and organelles are collectively known as the ________. A) nucleus B) plasma membrane C) cytoplasm D) inclusions E) membrane proteins Answer: C Page Ref: 64 Section: 03.01 Topic: Intracellular organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.1a Outline and define the major structural components of a cell Gradable: automatic