Test Bank For American Ethnicity The Dynamics and Consequences of Discrimination 7Th Edition By Adalberto

Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism Essay Questions Chapter 03 The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 1. How did the Anglo-Saxon core become dominant? Answers will vary 2. Explain the elements of ascetic Protestantism. Answers will vary 3. Explain the French contribution to the legal tenets of the Anglo-Saxon core. Answers will vary 4. Explain how capitalism fosters the use of less expensive ethnic labor. Answers will vary True / False Questions 5. Relations among ethnic groups only rarely involve relations of superordination and subordination. FALSE 3-1 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 3-2 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 6. The English settlers who came to America were a "pure" stock that had not been blended with other European ethnic stocks. FALSE 7. The English settlers dominated numerically for the first two centuries after the initial colonists had settled. TRUE 8. Unlike today, early settlers in America did not demand that immigrants speak English. FALSE 9. Much like today, the early colonists in America were worried about the erosion of the Anglo-Saxon core. TRUE 10. The French provided the substance to American law; the English, the broad philosophical tenets. FALSE 11. American law represents a blending of French and English legal traditions. TRUE 12. After the Revolution freed the colonies from the English Crown, the dynamic capitalism that emerged depended upon inexpensive and subordinated ethnic labor. TRUE 3-3 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 13. There was always a disjuncture in early America between constitutional principles and actual practices in local communities. TRUE 14. Public schooling was an essential part of America from the very beginning. FALSE 15. The early public schools in America were created in order to "Americanize" ethnic immigrants. TRUE 16. Early private schools in America became the model for the creation of public schools. TRUE 17. Public schools emerged in America primarily for economic reasons rather than as vehicles for "Americanizing" immigrants. FALSE 18. The emergence of private Catholic schools counteracted the dominance of northern European values and beliefs. FALSE 19. From the beginning, there was religious tolerance in America. FALSE 20. English traditions constrained how all religions were practiced. TRUE 3-4 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 3-5 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 21. Religious tolerance was not so much an ideal that early American settlers pursued as a necessity in order to reduce the conflict. TRUE 22. It can be said that the American economy in its early years ran on sources of inexpensive labor. TRUE 23. Even today, with two-hundred years of immigration, the descendants of the Anglo-Saxon core hold elite positions in disproportionate numbers. TRUE 24. Those that have assimilated into the Anglo-Saxon core have done better economically than those who have not. TRUE 25. Abolitionist pressures to free slaves created a sense of threat in both the South and North. TRUE 26. The Anglo-Saxon core has remained impervious to other cultures. FALSE 27. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Africans were enslaved and Native Americans conquered because their freedom posed a threat to the Anglo-Saxon core. TRUE 3-6 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 28. White ethnic populations that adopted the Anglo-Saxon core did not fare any better than either African Americans, Native Americans, or Mexican Americans. FALSE 29. The disproportionate representation of Anglo-Saxon descendants in elite positions has served to reinforce Anglo-Saxon beliefs, cultural climate, and institutional policies in American society. TRUE 30. The establishment of Anglo-Saxon culture and institutional structures in America did not force other cultures and institutional systems to adopt Anglo-Saxon ways. FALSE 31. English settlers were able to dominate Native Americans because they arrived in America with more developed institutional structures. TRUE 32. Tolerance for non-Protestants in America was not high, but not lower than the tolerance of various Protestant churches toward each other. FALSE 33. English religious traditions dictated how the religious traditions of non-English Protestants and non-Protestants were to be tolerated in post-Revolutionary America. TRUE 34. The schools established after the Revolution incorporated into the curriculum the social and cultural realities of non-European immigrants. FALSE 3-7 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 35. The system of private schools that existed before the American Revolution was a basis for promoting the "Americanization" of immigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries. TRUE 36. The post-Revolutionary establishment of a constitutional democracy in America eliminated the discriminatory treatment of ethnic populations. FALSE 37. The economic development and exploitation of land and natural resources in America increased the prosperity of England. TRUE 38. The dominant systems of symbols in America—language, values, and laws—trace their roots to the early German settlers. FALSE 39. The number and variety of languages brought to America by European immigrants transformed society into a bilingual environment. FALSE 40. Despite the European origin of early immigrants, English became the language for identifying a person as an "American." TRUE 41. In the United States, Anglo-Saxon culture and institutions dictate what other ethnic populations must become. TRUE 3-8 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 42. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that non-Hispanic whites will be a minority by the year 2045. FALSE 43. Because of their distinctive and different cultural traditions, it was difficult for Germans to adapt to English culture and institutions. FALSE Multiple Choice Questions 44. Which is not a part of the "ethnic complex" comprising the Anglo-Saxon core? A. white skin B. northern European stock C. Protestant religion D. English cultural traditions 45. Which is not a Protestant-inspired value? A. individualism B. hard work C. material success D. collectivism 46. Which ethnic population from the British Isles was the smallest before 1800? A. English B. Scots C. Welsh D. Irish 3-9 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 47. At the close of the 18th century, what percentage of the American population was British Isle in origin? A. around 40 percent B. almost 80 percent C. around 60 percent D. more than 90 percent 48. Which was the largest non-British Isle ethnic population before 1800? A. Germans B. Scandinavians C. Dutch D. French 49. Which is the least related to early capitalism in America? A. slavery B. killing of Native Americans C. controlling the French advance D. conquest of the Southwest 50. "Ascetic Protestantism" does not emphasize which of the following? A. accumulation of wealth B. hard work and profit making C. discipline and efficiency D. rational pursuit of temptations 51. Which was the most important reason for the creation of English settlements in America? A. to create new patterns of commerce B. to escape religious persecution C. to arrest the French and Spanish advance D. to search for quicker passage to India 3-10 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 52. Which is the least correct statement about core legal tenets of the cultural core (p. 51)? A. Substantive law is dominated by English tenets. B. Broad constitutional principles are heavily influenced by French philosophy. C. Rights to property are central ideas in much English law. D. Correspondence between constitutional principles and laws has always been high. 53. Which element in the American political system is more English than French in origin? A. emphasis on decentered power B. emphasis on equality C. emphasis on justice D. emphasis on checks and balances 54. Which was not a goal of early American schools? A. to Americanize all immigrants B. to teach diversity and tolerance C. to teach religious values D. to teach the virtues of capitalism 55. For which type of population of immigrants would discrimination most likely result in membership in the lower socioeconomic classes? A. small, highly identifiable with entrepreneurial resources B. large, with white skin C. large and non-white with few resources D. both b and c 56. Which ethnic population posed a threat to the Anglo-Saxon core? A. Germans B. Scandinavians C. freed slaves D. all of the above, to some extent 3-11 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 57. When the carriers of the Anglo-Saxon core are threatened by the arrival of new ethnic groups, __________ is their least likely response. A. accommodation B. prejudice C. discrimination D. all are equally likely 58. Which will be the second largest ethnic population by the year 2045? A. African Americans B. Asians C. Latinos D. a and c will be about the same 59. Which comes first in the cycle of discrimination against immigrants by the carriers of the Anglo-Saxon core? A. prejudice B. identifiability C. threat D. discrimination 60. Germans and Scandinavians were able to adapt to the Anglo-Saxon core because A. they spoke English. B. they were hard workers. C. they were Protestants and from northern Europe. D. they kept to themselves. 61. Ethnic groups pose a threat to the Anglo-Saxon core because A. they want to displace the Anglo-Saxon core. B. they bring different languages, beliefs, and symbol systems with them to America. C. they are white and "Anglo-looking." D. all of the above. 3-12 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 62. The descendants of Anglo-Saxons have maintained their control of the cultural climate in American society because A. they have the military power to support them. B. ethnic populations do not have an interest in shaping the cultural climate. C. they hold a disproportionate number of elite positions in American society. D. all of the above 63. The establishment of Anglo-Saxon culture and institutional structures A. forced other cultures and institutional systems to adopt Anglo-Saxon ways. B. encouraged cultural pluralism. C. did not serve as an advantage for members of the Anglo-Saxon core. D. none of the above 64. Native Americans were not able to compete with the English settlers because A. they were lazy. B. they were interested in only hunting and gathering. C. their institutional structures were not as developed as those of the English settlers. D. they were small in numbers. 65. The religious character of post-Revolutionary America was shaped by A. English religious traditions. B. collaborative relations between Protestants and non-Protestants. C. Catholicism and Judaism. D. French Catholicism and constitutional principles. 66. The schools in America starting in the 18th century were characterized by A. open doors for all non-Protestant immigrants. B. opportunities for slaves. C. WASP-oriented, Eurocentric curricula. D. tolerance for diversity. 3-13 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 67. The transportation of commercial capitalism to the colonies emphasized A. greater collaboration with Native Americans. B. private property. C. elimination of slavery. D. all of the above. 68. The early economic structures in America were dedicated to A. protecting religious freedom. B. extracting raw materials. C. providing markets for finished goods. D. both b and c. 69. Today, which is the largest minority group in America? A. African Americans B. Asians C. Mexican Americans D. all Latinos combined 70. The primary reason for early settlers to come to America was A. to get rid of surplus population. B. to seek adventure. C. to win in competition with the Spanish. D. to pursue economic opportunities. 71. Which of the following is not part of the Anglo-Saxon core? A. Protestant-inspired work values B. dark skin C. English cultural traditions D. Protestant religious beliefs 3-14 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 72. Puritanism emphasized A. moral temptation. B. a leisurely approach to work. C. discipline and hard work. D. interest in possessions. Fill in the Blank Questions 73. The phrase __________ is used to denote an ethnic complex of northern European stock, institutions, and core values. Anglo-Saxon core 74. The first colonists were primarily from _________. England, or British Isle 75. The __________ were the largest non-British Isle population among the early colonists. German 76. The legal tenets of freedom, equality, and justice come primarily from __________ culture and institutions. French 77. When an immigrant population is large and identifiable, it will usually be seen as a __________ to the dominant population. threat 78. The first schools in America were _________ schools. private 3-15 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 3-16 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 79. The __________ and northern __________ heritage of Germans and Scandinavians facilitated their assimilation into the Anglo-Saxon core. Protestant; European 80. Ethnic persons who adapt to Anglo-Saxon institutions can reduce the discrimination against them if they are __________ and _________. white; Anglo-looking 81. Elites have the __________ and stature to influence beliefs and policy. power 82. By the close of the 18th century, the largest segment of the Anglo-Saxon core was the __________ population. English 83. Early schools in America were established with a __________ curriculum. Eurocentric 84. The structure of government in the United States is a blending of 17th-century __________ political traditions and 18th-century __________ social philosophy. British; French 85. The legacy of early British commercial capitalism evolved into a system that depended upon subordinated __________ labor. ethnic 3-17 Chapter 03 - The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism 86. The transportation of commercial capitalism to the colonies was made possible by the chartering of __________ and granting of _________. companies; territory 87. For Max Weber, rationality, discipline, hard work, and religiosity are characteristics of ____________ _________. ascetic Protestantism 3-18