Test Bank Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition VanMeter

Test Bank Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition VanMeter Table of Contents Chapter 01: Scope of Microbiology ........................................................................................................2 Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life ................................................................................................................7 Chapter 03: Cell Structure and Function .............................................................................................. 12 Chapter 04: Bacteria and Archaea ...................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 05: Viruses ............................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 06: Eukaryotic Microorganisms .............................................................................................. 28 Chapter 07: Physical and Chemical Methods of Control ...................................................................... 33 Chapter 08: Microbiological Laboratory Techniques ............................................................................ 37 Chapter 09: Microbiological Laboratory Safety Issues ......................................................................... 42 Chapter 10: Pharmacology .................................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 11: Antimicrobial Drugs .......................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 12: Infection and Disease....................................................................................................... 55 Chapter 13: The Immune Response and Lymphatic System ............................................................... 60 Chapter 14: Infections of the Integumentary System, Soft Tissue, and Musculoskeletal System .......... 65 Chapter 15: Infections of the Respiratory System ................................................................................ 69 Chapter 16: Infections of the Gastrointestinal System ......................................................................... 73 Chapter 17: Infections of the Nervous System and Sensory Structures ............................................... 78 Chapter 18: Infections of the Cardiovascular and Circulatory System ................................................. 82 Chapter 19: Infections of the Urinary System ...................................................................................... 86 Chapter 20: Infections of the Reproductive System ............................................................................. 91 Chapter 21: Sexually Transmitted Infections/Diseases ........................................................................ 95 Chapter 22: Human Age and Microorganisms ................................................................................... 100 Chapter 23: Microorganisms in the Environment and Effects on Human Health ................................ 104 Chapter 24: Emerging Infectious Diseases ........................................................................................ 109 Chapter 25: Biotechnology ................................................................................................................ 112 1 | P a g eChapter 01: Scope of Microbiology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the sixteenth century a father-and-son team, by the name of , produced a compound microscope consisting of a simple tube with lenses at each end. a. van Leeuwenhoek b. Semmelweis c. Janssen d. Hooke ANS: C REF: p. 3 2. “Animalcules” were first described by a. Robert Hooke. b. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. c. Hans Janssen. d. John Needham. ANS: B REF: p. 3 3. Micrographia, a publication illustrating insects, sponges, as well as plant cells, was published by a. Robert Hooke. b. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. c. Hans Janssen. d. John Needham. ANS: A REF: p. 3 4. Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are a. electron microscopes. b. dark-field microscopes. c. fluorescence microscopes. d. stereomicroscopes. ANS: D REF: p. 5 5. A microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a a. dark-field microscope. b. transmission electron microscope. c. bright-field microscope. d. scanning electron microscope. ANS: D REF: p. 7 6. The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the a. bright-field microscope. b. phase-contrast microscope. c. fluorescence microscope. 2 | P a g ed. electron microscope. ANS: B REF: p. 6 7. Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation? a. John Needham b. Joseph Lister c. Louis Pasteur d. Robert Koch ANS: C REF: p. 8 8. Fossils of prokaryotes go back a. 4.0 to 5.0 b. 3.5 to 4.0 c. 2.5 to 3.0 d. 2.2 to 2.7 ANS: B REF: p. 9 9. Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms? a. Protozoans b. Archaea c. Fungi d. Algae ANS: C REF: p. 11 10. The correct descending order of taxonomic categories is a. species, domain, phylum, kingdom, order, division, class, genus. b. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species. c. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. d. kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species. ANS: C REF: p. 10 11. Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called a. colonies. b. biofilms. c. biospheres. d. flora. ANS: B REF: p. 12 12. 12. A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called a. mutualism. b. competition. c. synergism. d. commensalism. ANS: D REF: p. 12 13. Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora? a. Intestine b. Skin 3 | P a g e billion years.c. Vagina d. Blood ANS: D REF: p. 12 14. Which of the following lack nucleic acids? a. Archaea b. Viruses c. Prions d. Bacteria ANS: C REF: p. 11 15. The binominal system of nomenclature was originally developed by a. Pasteur. b. Linnaeus. c. Martini. d. Jenner. ANS: B REF: p. 11 16. Which of the following scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox? a. Pasteur b. Jenner c. Semmelweis d. Koch ANS: B REF: p. 9 17. Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food? a. Mumps b. Shigellosis c. Legionellosis d. Tuberculosis ANS: B REF: p. 13 18. Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols? a. Psittacosis b. Shigellosis c. Leptospirosis d. Giardiasis ANS: A REF: p. 14 19. Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? a. Propionibacterium shermanii b. Acetobacter aceti c. Giardia d. Fusobacterium ANS: A 4 | P a g e REF: p. 1420. Which of the following scientists discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium? a. Alexander Fleming b. Louis Pasteur c. Joseph Lister d. Edward Jenner ANS: A REF: p. 15 COMPLETION 1. In a compound light microscope the lens closest to the eye is the ANS: ocular REF: p. 3 2. The total magnification of an object viewed with a compound microscope with an ocular lens of 10 and an objective lens of 40 is . ANS: 400 REF: p. 4 3. Another term for spontaneous generations ANS: abiogenesis REF: p. 7 4. Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called . ANS: biofilms REF: p. 12 5. All bacteria are ANS: prokaryotic REF: p. 10 6. Cells that contain a nucleus are ANS: eukaryotic REF: p. 10 7. The taxonomic resource for information on bacteria is ANS: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology REF: p. 11 5 | P a g e . cells. cells. lens.8. A relationship in which two organisms benefit is referred to as . ANS: mutualism REF: p. 12 9. The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are ANS: prions REF: p. 11 10. The cleanup of various industrial wastes by living organisms is referred to as ANS: bioremediation REF: p. 15 MATCHING Match the description below with the correct item from the list a. Observing insects b. Three-dimensional images c. Cytoplasmic streaming d. Fluorescent dye e. Ultrathin sectioned specimens 1. Scanning electron microscope 2. Phase-contrast microscope 3. Transmission electron microscope 4. Stereomicroscope 1. ANS: B 2. ANS: C 3. ANS: E 4. ANS: A REF: p. 7 REF: p. 6 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 5 Match the description below to the correct name from this list. a. Robert Koch b. Edward Jenner c. Louis Pasteur d. John Needham e. Joseph Lister f. Antony van Leeuwenhoek 5. Animalcules 6. Vaccination 7. Aseptic technique 8. Germ theory of disease 5. ANS: F 6. ANS: B 6 | P a g e REF: p. 7 | p. 8 REF: p. 9 . .7. ANS: E 8. ANS: C REF: p. 9 REF: p. 8 Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The atomic number equals the number of a. protons. b. neutrons. c. electrons. d. protons and neutrons. ANS: A REF: p. 20 2. The atomic weight is equal to the sum of a. neutrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. electrons. ANS: B REF: p. 20 3. The smallest units of matter are a. molecules. b. atoms. c. protons. d. compounds. ANS: B REF: p. 20 4. Protons are a. located in the shells. b. part of the atomic nucleus. c. negatively charged. d. uncharged particles. ANS: B REF: p. 20 5. Particles of an atom located in the outermost shell and available for chemical bonding are called a. valence electrons. b. isotopes. c. excess electrons. d. neutrons. ANS: A REF: p. 21 6. Isotopes are atoms with 7 | P a g ea. the same number of electrons and protons. b. different numbers of protons and electrons. c. the same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons. d. different numbers of electrons. ANS: C REF: p. 21 7. A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: C REF: p. 23 8. The transfer of electrons in a chemical bond represents a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: A REF: p. 24 9. The bond of oxygen and hydrogen between water molecules is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: D REF: p. 24 10. The isotope deuterium has a. one proton. b. one proton and one neutron. c. one proton and two neutrons. d. one proton and three neutrons. ANS: B REF: p. 21 11. After filling the first shell, the outermost shell of an atom can hold up to electrons. a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 ANS: C REF: p. 23 12. 12. a. hydrogen bond. b. ionic bond. c. polar covalent bond. d. nonpolar covalent bond. The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a(n) 8 | P a g eANS: B REF: p. 24 13. Sucrose is composed of a. glucose and galactose. b. glucose and fructose. c. fructose and maltose. d. glucose and maltose. ANS: B REF: p. 31 14. The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are a. monosaccharides. b. amino acids. c. nucleic acids. d. fatty acids. ANS: A REF: p. 31 15. The bond between amino acids is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. peptide bond. c. hydrogen bond. d. covalent bond. ANS: B REF: p. 32 16. Glucose and fructose are examples of a. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. polysaccharides. d. lipids. ANS: A REF: p. 31 17. 17. a. galactose. b. lactose. c. maltose. d. fructose. Two glucose molecules form ANS: C REF: p. 31 18. Starch is an example of a a. monosaccharide. b. polysaccharide. c. peptide. d. protein. ANS: B REF: p. 31 19. Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with a. adenine. b. guanine. c. thymine. 9 | P a g ed. uracil. ANS: B REF: p. 36 20. 20. a. cytosine. b. guanine. c. thymine. d. uracil. The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is ANS: D REF: p. 36 COMPLETION 1. Neutrons are ANS: not REF: p. 20 2. An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) . ANS: isotope REF: p. 21 3. A positively charged ion is a(n) ANS: cation REF: p. 22 4. The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called . ANS: hydrolysis REF: p. 25 5. Molecules that can absorb hydrogen ions and not change the pH of the substance are . ANS: buffers REF: p. 28 6. The formation of polymers from simpler substances is referred to as ANS: synthesis REF: p. 25 7. When the solute concentration outside a cell is the same as the concentration inside the 10 | P a g e . . _ charged , the solution is called ANS: isotonic REF: p. 29 8. The monomers of triglycerides are ANS: glycerol REF: p. 31 9. Lactose is composed of glucose and ANS: galactose REF: p. 31 10. Chemically, ATP is a(n) ANS: nucleic acid REF: p. 38 MATCHING Match the description below with correct item from the list a. Redox b. Electron c. Neutron d. Acid e. Base f. Salt g. Glucose h. Protein i. Polysaccharide j. Nucleic acid k. Lipid l. Tritium 1. Radioactive isotope 2. Negatively charged particle 3. Reduction–oxidation reactions 4. Hydrogen ion donor 5. Ammonium chloride 6. Monomer 7. Cellulose 8. Particle with no charge 9. Prostaglandin 10. Amino acid chain 1. ANS: L 11 | P a g e . . and fatty acids. .