NURSING DL-F, Applied Nursing Research Quiz 6 2023/2024 (Questions With Correct Answers)

NURSING DL-F, Applied Nursing Research Quiz 6 2023/2024 (Questions With Correct Answers). Which method of gathering survey data is the most respected? Selected Answer: A. Face-to-face interviews Answers: A. Face-to-face interviews B. Telephone interviews C. Mailed questionnaires D. Internet questionnaires Response Feedback: Face-to-face interviews between an interviewer and a study participant are regarded as the best method of collecting survey data because of the quality of information they yield and because refusal rates tend to be low. Other survey methods— telephone interviews, mailed questionnaires, and Internet questionnaires—are less costly but tend to have high rates of nonresponse.  Question 2 5 out of 5 points Which statement about evaluation research is true? Selected Answer: D. Black box questions in evaluations of multicomponent programs seek to understand which components or features of the program are driving observed effects. Answers: A. Evaluation studies typically go through the same four sequential phases as is true for clinical trial research. B. The researchers who undertake evaluations are usually policy makers. C. Interpersonal problems are more frequently encountered in clinical trials than in evaluations. D. Black box questions in evaluations of multicomponent programs seek to understand which components or features of the program are driving observed effects. Response Feedback: When a program involves several distinct features or elements, evaluations may explore black box questions—that is, what is it about the program that is driving observed effects? Evaluations do not typically follow four sequential phases. Evaluations are sometimes fraught with interpersonal and organizational problems. Policy makers do not do the research—evaluations are done by skilled researchers, sometimes for the benefit of policy makers who must make decisions about programs or policies.  Question 3 5 out of 5 points A researcher used data from the 2010 U.S. National Health Interview Study to test hypotheses about the correlation between smoking and depression. This type of study would be called a: Selected Answer: D. secondary analysis. Answers: A. Delphi survey. B. survey. C. quality improvement project. D. secondary analysis. Response Feedback: The National Health Interview Study involved a survey of thousands of U.S. households; in this example, the researcher used the previously gathered data for a secondary analysis. It is not an example of a Delphi survey or a quality improvement project.  Question 4 5 out of 5 points In quantitative studies, what is a key criterion for evaluating sample quality? Selected Answer: B. How representativeness it is of the population Answers: A. How easy it is to recruit sample members B. How representativeness it is of the population C. How convenient it is to the researchers D. How ethically sound the recruitment strategy is Response Feedback: A key consideration in assessing the quality of a sample in a quantitative study is its representativeness of the population; another is the size of the sample. Ease of recruitment, convenience, and ethical appropriateness are important factors in a sampling strategy, but they do not contribute to the quality of the sample itself.  Question 5 5 out of 5 points A researcher tested whether a reminder postcard or a reminder e-mail was more effective in encouraging study participants to return to the study site for follow-up data collection. This type of study would be called a: Selected Answer: A. methodologic study. Answers: A. methodologic study. B. needs assessment. C. Delphi survey. D. secondary analysis. Response Feedback: In this example, the researcher was testing alternative research methods to reduce the rate of dropping out of a study, and so this would be called methodologic research. This is not an example of a secondary analysis, a needs assessment, or a Delphi survey.  Question 6 5 out of 5 points Clinical trials to test a new intervention often adhere to a sequence of phases. In which phase is generalizability the focus? Selected Answer: A. Phase IV Answers: A. Phase IV B. Phase I C. Phase II D. Phase III Response Feedback: Phase IV studies focus on the effectiveness of an intervention in a general population; the emphasis in this phase is on external validity (generalizability) and cost-effectiveness. Phase I involves initial tests for safety, Phase II involves pilot tests of the intervention, and Phase III is a rigorous test of the treatment using a randomized design.  Question 7 5 out of 5 points Surveys that allow respondents to listen to questions over headphones and enter their responses via a keyboard use which technology? Selected Answer: A. AudioCASI Answers: A. AudioCASI B. CAPI C. SAQ D. CATI Response Feedback: Audio-CASI (computer-assisted self-interview) involves administering the survey questions via headphones and having respondents enter their answers onto a keyboard. This approach is useful if literacy and privacy are major concerns. In both CATI and CAPI, an actual interviewer asks the questions, either in person (computer-assisted personal interview) or over the telephone (computer-assisted telephone interview). SAQ is an acronym for self-administered questionnaire.  Question 8 5 out of 5 points What technique do researchers use to estimate how large a sample they need? Selected Answer: C. Power analysis Answers: A. Screening B. Stratificatio n C. Power analysis D. Weighting Response Feedback: In quantitative studies, researchers often use a power analysis to estimate sample size needs, which is a strategy for avoiding problems with statistical conclusion validity. The other terms .......................