Anaemia and
Haematoman
DeficienCIeS
NORMAL BLOOD FILM
Anaemia -
low Hb concentration, depending on personalised range
le.g. age, altitude, pregnancy, etc. I
Can be accompanied by low PCV/Haematocrit.
·
Haematocrit/Packed Cell Volume:
·
proportion of blood occupied by red cells/Erythrocytes (usually 45%).
-
Reticulocyte count is high whenever there is
·
haemolysis (e.g. Hb defects, haemolytic anaemial or
bleeding,
due to increased bone marrow haematopoiesis.
Reticulocyte count is low in all other of anaemia, Neutrophil Platelets RBC
·
causes
as there is defect in haematopoiesis le.g. Iron Deficiency).
pale centre: 1/3 of RBC
If
·
causes ·
=Hypochromic
Hypochromia=IDA, Thalassaemia
Vegan).
-Iron Deficiency: due to diet, malabsorption, chronic blood loss (e.g. via Menorrhagia, Glukers, Haemorrhoids, Cancer,
Erythrocyte Malfunction:due to RBC membrane defect (e.g. via
Hereditary Spherocytosis, Hereditary Elliptocytosis),
-
Hb defect (e.g. via Sickle Cell anaemia, Thalassaemial, Microcytic
RBC Enzyme Defect (e.g. via G6PD deficiency, Pyruvate kinase deficiency).
Deficiency Anaemia: combination of Iron deficiency B12/Folate deficiency.
Normocytic]
-
Mixed and
-
Anaemia of Chronic Disease:e.g. Renal Failure/CKD
e.g. Chronic Inflammation Iron is retained in cells,
inhibiting HD production.
meaning
↑
-
-Bone Marrow Production Pathology:e.g. Aplastic anaemia, Myelodysplasia, Myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Leukaemia.
-
Acute Blood Loss:loss of erythrocytes. reduced erythropoiesis
Folate Deficiency:
-And
·
due to diet,
B12/ Folate is
malabsorption
used to make
(e.g. via Pernicions anaemia, Crohn's Disease, Coeliac
Thymine, making itessential in building DNA.
Disease). Macrocytic
I
Folate is contained in RBCs, excess RBC
Since most deficiency
production in
haemolysis
↑
causes
-
Erythrocyte Destruction: e.g. Haemolysis (Haemolytic Annemia), hypersplenism. Bilirubin released -; aundice.
Hypothyroidism: cause Bone marrow activity, leading to reduced RBC count.
-
I
and Alcohol Consumption:
-
Onset by Infection
maybe congenital
auto immune disease
increases likelihood
of another maybe
Haemolysis
Pernicious Anaemia Macrocytic
Macrocytic:maybe Haemolysis, B12/Folate, Alcho.
Haematoman
DeficienCIeS
NORMAL BLOOD FILM
Anaemia -
low Hb concentration, depending on personalised range
le.g. age, altitude, pregnancy, etc. I
Can be accompanied by low PCV/Haematocrit.
·
Haematocrit/Packed Cell Volume:
·
proportion of blood occupied by red cells/Erythrocytes (usually 45%).
-
Reticulocyte count is high whenever there is
·
haemolysis (e.g. Hb defects, haemolytic anaemial or
bleeding,
due to increased bone marrow haematopoiesis.
Reticulocyte count is low in all other of anaemia, Neutrophil Platelets RBC
·
causes
as there is defect in haematopoiesis le.g. Iron Deficiency).
pale centre: 1/3 of RBC
If
·
causes ·
=Hypochromic
Hypochromia=IDA, Thalassaemia
Vegan).
-Iron Deficiency: due to diet, malabsorption, chronic blood loss (e.g. via Menorrhagia, Glukers, Haemorrhoids, Cancer,
Erythrocyte Malfunction:due to RBC membrane defect (e.g. via
Hereditary Spherocytosis, Hereditary Elliptocytosis),
-
Hb defect (e.g. via Sickle Cell anaemia, Thalassaemial, Microcytic
RBC Enzyme Defect (e.g. via G6PD deficiency, Pyruvate kinase deficiency).
Deficiency Anaemia: combination of Iron deficiency B12/Folate deficiency.
Normocytic]
-
Mixed and
-
Anaemia of Chronic Disease:e.g. Renal Failure/CKD
e.g. Chronic Inflammation Iron is retained in cells,
inhibiting HD production.
meaning
↑
-
-Bone Marrow Production Pathology:e.g. Aplastic anaemia, Myelodysplasia, Myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Leukaemia.
-
Acute Blood Loss:loss of erythrocytes. reduced erythropoiesis
Folate Deficiency:
-And
·
due to diet,
B12/ Folate is
malabsorption
used to make
(e.g. via Pernicions anaemia, Crohn's Disease, Coeliac
Thymine, making itessential in building DNA.
Disease). Macrocytic
I
Folate is contained in RBCs, excess RBC
Since most deficiency
production in
haemolysis
↑
causes
-
Erythrocyte Destruction: e.g. Haemolysis (Haemolytic Annemia), hypersplenism. Bilirubin released -; aundice.
Hypothyroidism: cause Bone marrow activity, leading to reduced RBC count.
-
I
and Alcohol Consumption:
-
Onset by Infection
maybe congenital
auto immune disease
increases likelihood
of another maybe
Haemolysis
Pernicious Anaemia Macrocytic
Macrocytic:maybe Haemolysis, B12/Folate, Alcho.
