A-level
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 Markets and Market Failure
Time allowed: 2 hours
Materials
For this paper you must have:
an AQA 12-page Answer Book
a calculator.
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
Write the information required on the front cover of your
answer book. The Paper Reference is 7136/1.
In Section A, answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
In Section B, answer ONE essay.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
There are 40 marks for Section A and 40 marks for Section B.
Advice
You are advised to spend 1 hour on Section A and 1 hour on Section B.
IB/M/Jun22/ 7136/1
E7
, 2
Section A
Answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
EITHER
Context 1 Total for this context: 40 marks
Flexible labour markets and trade unions
Study Extracts A, B and C and then answer all parts of Context 1 which follow.
Extract A
Figure 1: Participation in platform work*, Figure 2: Median after-tax real earnings of
% of UK workers, 2016 and 2019 working-age employees and the
self-employed, 2009/10 to 2018/19
Year Employed, £ Self-employed, £
2009/1 21 900 15 800
0
2010/1 21 300 15 100
1
2011/1 20 300 15 800
2
2012/1 20 800 14 200
3
2013/1 20 500 14 000
4
2014/1 20 900 15 800
Source: TUC, 2020 5
2015/1 21 300 16 100
Note: *Platform work is defined as paid tasks that are 6
found via a website or ‘app’.
2016/1 21 400 16 300
7
2017/1 21 400 17 600
8
2018/1 21 600 16 500
9
Source: Department for Work & Pensions,
2020
Note: Base year is 2018/19
Extract B: The gig economy
The gig economy can be defined as that part of the labour market characterised by
short-term
contracts or occasional work, as opposed to permanent jobs. The rise of gig
economy work has
been driven by new technology, enabling people to work from anywhere, any time.
Many
self-employed people work in the gig economy through online platforms such as
Uber,
Deliveroo and Airbnb. These roles often replace employee roles in sectors including 5
cleaning,
taxi driving, pizza delivery, project managers and personal training.
Gig economy workers face higher risks and more uncertainty about the stability of
their incomes
than standard workers. They tend to earn less than employees doing similar work
and they also
tend to work longer hours. However, they do have greater flexibility and control over
IB/M/
Jun22/7136/1
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 Markets and Market Failure
Time allowed: 2 hours
Materials
For this paper you must have:
an AQA 12-page Answer Book
a calculator.
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
Write the information required on the front cover of your
answer book. The Paper Reference is 7136/1.
In Section A, answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
In Section B, answer ONE essay.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
There are 40 marks for Section A and 40 marks for Section B.
Advice
You are advised to spend 1 hour on Section A and 1 hour on Section B.
IB/M/Jun22/ 7136/1
E7
, 2
Section A
Answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
EITHER
Context 1 Total for this context: 40 marks
Flexible labour markets and trade unions
Study Extracts A, B and C and then answer all parts of Context 1 which follow.
Extract A
Figure 1: Participation in platform work*, Figure 2: Median after-tax real earnings of
% of UK workers, 2016 and 2019 working-age employees and the
self-employed, 2009/10 to 2018/19
Year Employed, £ Self-employed, £
2009/1 21 900 15 800
0
2010/1 21 300 15 100
1
2011/1 20 300 15 800
2
2012/1 20 800 14 200
3
2013/1 20 500 14 000
4
2014/1 20 900 15 800
Source: TUC, 2020 5
2015/1 21 300 16 100
Note: *Platform work is defined as paid tasks that are 6
found via a website or ‘app’.
2016/1 21 400 16 300
7
2017/1 21 400 17 600
8
2018/1 21 600 16 500
9
Source: Department for Work & Pensions,
2020
Note: Base year is 2018/19
Extract B: The gig economy
The gig economy can be defined as that part of the labour market characterised by
short-term
contracts or occasional work, as opposed to permanent jobs. The rise of gig
economy work has
been driven by new technology, enabling people to work from anywhere, any time.
Many
self-employed people work in the gig economy through online platforms such as
Uber,
Deliveroo and Airbnb. These roles often replace employee roles in sectors including 5
cleaning,
taxi driving, pizza delivery, project managers and personal training.
Gig economy workers face higher risks and more uncertainty about the stability of
their incomes
than standard workers. They tend to earn less than employees doing similar work
and they also
tend to work longer hours. However, they do have greater flexibility and control over
IB/M/
Jun22/7136/1
