Bouwwetenschappen en
materialenleer
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 8
1 Materialenkennis en materiaalkunde...............................................................................................................8
2 Bouwmaterialen toepassingen..........................................................................................................................8
3 Eigenschappen van bouwmaterialen................................................................................................................8
4 Indeling van bouwmaterialen...........................................................................................................................8
5 Functies van constructies..................................................................................................................................9
Fundering.........................................................................................................................................................9
Buitenmuren (=gevels)....................................................................................................................................9
Daken...............................................................................................................................................................9
Vloeren...........................................................................................................................................................10
Binnenmuren.................................................................................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 1: Cement................................................................................................................................... 11
1 Geschiedenis van cement................................................................................................................................11
2 Definitie van cement.......................................................................................................................................11
3 Toepassing van cement...................................................................................................................................11
4 Bestanddelen van cement...............................................................................................................................12
5 Fabricatie van cement.....................................................................................................................................12
6 Indeling van cement........................................................................................................................................12
Cementtypes..................................................................................................................................................12
Druktesterkteklassen.....................................................................................................................................13
Metselcement................................................................................................................................................13
7 Verschil tussen cement, mortel, specie en beton............................................................................................13
8 Kwaliteitsgarantie van cement.......................................................................................................................13
9 Cement voor verschillende toepassingen........................................................................................................13
10 Duurzaamheid van cement...........................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 2: Beton...................................................................................................................................... 14
1 Definitie van beton..........................................................................................................................................14
2 Toepassingen van beton..................................................................................................................................14
3 Bestanddelen van beton..................................................................................................................................14
Toeslagmaterialen.........................................................................................................................................14
Vulstoffen.......................................................................................................................................................15
Cement...........................................................................................................................................................15
Water.............................................................................................................................................................15
Hulpstoffen....................................................................................................................................................15
4 Fabricatie van beton........................................................................................................................................15
Bekisting.........................................................................................................................................................15
Hydratatie......................................................................................................................................................15
1
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, Verdichten.....................................................................................................................................................15
Nabehandeling...............................................................................................................................................16
5 Indeling van beton...........................................................................................................................................16
Volumieke massa...........................................................................................................................................16
Uitvoeringsmethode......................................................................................................................................16
Bijzondere eigenschappen.............................................................................................................................16
6 Eigenschappen van beton...............................................................................................................................16
7 Watercementfactor (W/C)..............................................................................................................................17
8 Consistentie van beton....................................................................................................................................17
9 Druksterkte van beton.....................................................................................................................................17
Evolutie van de druksterkte...........................................................................................................................17
Druksterkteklassen........................................................................................................................................17
10 Gewapend beton...........................................................................................................................................17
11 Voorgespannen beton...................................................................................................................................18
12 Classificering van de aantastingsrisico’s van beton......................................................................................18
13 Omgevingsklassen van beton........................................................................................................................18
14 Betontype......................................................................................................................................................18
15 Kwaliteitsgarantie beton...............................................................................................................................18
16 Stortklaar versus zelfgemaakt.......................................................................................................................19
17 Beton en energiebesparing...........................................................................................................................19
18 Duurzaamheid van beton..............................................................................................................................19
19 Beton bij brand..............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 3: cellenbeton............................................................................................................................. 20
1 Geschiedenis van cellenbeton.........................................................................................................................20
2 Definitie van cellenbeton.................................................................................................................................20
3 Toepassingen...................................................................................................................................................20
4 Bestanddelen...................................................................................................................................................20
5 Fabricatie van cellenbeton..............................................................................................................................20
6 Producten van cellenbeton..............................................................................................................................21
7 Eigenschappen van cellenbeton......................................................................................................................21
8 Cellenbeton en energiebesparing....................................................................................................................21
Luchtdichtheid...............................................................................................................................................21
Isolatie............................................................................................................................................................21
9 Duurzaamheid van cellenbeton.......................................................................................................................21
10 Cellenbeton bij brand....................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 4: Kalkzandsteen......................................................................................................................... 22
1 Geschiedenis....................................................................................................................................................22
2 Toepassingen van kalkzandsteen....................................................................................................................22
3 Bestanddelen van kalkzandsteen....................................................................................................................22
4 Fabricatie.........................................................................................................................................................22
2
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, 5 Producten........................................................................................................................................................22
6 Kalkzandstenen wanddeel als totaalpakket...................................................................................................22
7 Eigenschappen van kalkzandsteen..................................................................................................................23
8 Kalkzandsteen en energiebesparing...............................................................................................................23
9 Duurzaamheid van kalkzandsteen..................................................................................................................23
10 Kalkzandsteen bij brand................................................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 5: Baksteen................................................................................................................................. 24
1 Definitie van baksteen.....................................................................................................................................24
2 Toepassingen van baksteen............................................................................................................................24
3 Bestanddelen van baksteen............................................................................................................................25
4 Fabricatie van baksteen..................................................................................................................................25
4.1 Vormen....................................................................................................................................................26
4.2 Drogen.....................................................................................................................................................26
4.3 Bakken.....................................................................................................................................................26
4.4 Extra behandelingen................................................................................................................................26
4.5 Nabehandeling.........................................................................................................................................27
5 Indeling van baksteen.....................................................................................................................................27
5.1 Productieproces.......................................................................................................................................27
5.2 Gebruiksbestemming...............................................................................................................................27
5.3 Geometrische vorm.................................................................................................................................27
5.4 Functie.....................................................................................................................................................28
6 Uitvoering van baksteenmetselwerk...............................................................................................................28
6.1 Baksteenformaten...................................................................................................................................28
6.2 Traditioneel metselen..............................................................................................................................28
6.3 Verlijmen..................................................................................................................................................28
6.4 Dunmetselen............................................................................................................................................28
6.5 Geprefabriceerd baksteenmetselwerk....................................................................................................29
7 Baksteen en energiebesparing........................................................................................................................29
8 Duurzaamheid van baksteen...........................................................................................................................29
8.1 Hergebruik...............................................................................................................................................29
8.2 Recyclage.................................................................................................................................................29
9 Baksteen bij brand...........................................................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 6: Metalen.................................................................................................................................. 30
1 Definitie van metalen......................................................................................................................................30
2 Indeling van metalen.......................................................................................................................................30
2.1 Aanwezigheid van ijzer............................................................................................................................30
2.2 Gebruik....................................................................................................................................................30
3 Corrosie van metalen......................................................................................................................................30
3.1 Corrosieweerstand..................................................................................................................................30
3.2 Roest versus corrosie...............................................................................................................................31
3.3 Galvanische corrosie................................................................................................................................31
4 Staal.................................................................................................................................................................32
4.1 Definitie van staal....................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Fabricatie van staal..................................................................................................................................32
4.3 Vloeigrens en treksterkte........................................................................................................................32
4.4 Eigenschappen van staal..........................................................................................................................33
3
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, 4.5 Toepassingen van staal............................................................................................................................33
4.6 Indeling van staal.....................................................................................................................................33
4.7 Bescherming van staal tegen corrosie.....................................................................................................34
4.8 Roestvast staal.........................................................................................................................................34
4.9 Duurzaamheid van staal..........................................................................................................................35
4.10 Staal bij brand........................................................................................................................................35
5 Aluminium.......................................................................................................................................................35
5.1 Toepassingen...........................................................................................................................................35
5.2 Fabricatie.................................................................................................................................................35
5.3 Duurzaamheid..........................................................................................................................................36
5.4 Oppervlaktebehandelingen van aluminium............................................................................................36
5.5 Aluminium en galvanische corrosie.........................................................................................................36
5.6 Aluminiumlegeringen..............................................................................................................................36
6 Zink..................................................................................................................................................................36
6.1 Toepassing van zink.................................................................................................................................36
6.2 Zinklegeringen.........................................................................................................................................37
6.3 Duurzaamheid van zink............................................................................................................................37
6.4 Oppervlaktebehandelingen van zink.......................................................................................................37
7 Koper...............................................................................................................................................................37
7.1 Toepassingen van koper..........................................................................................................................37
7.2 Koperlegeringen......................................................................................................................................37
7.3 Duurzaamheid van koper.........................................................................................................................37
8 Lood.................................................................................................................................................................37
8.1 Vroegere toepassingen van lood.............................................................................................................38
8.2 Gezondheidsrisico’s van lood..................................................................................................................38
8.3 Opsporing.................................................................................................................................................38
8.4 Actuele toepassingen van lood................................................................................................................38
8.5 Duurzaamheid van lood...........................................................................................................................38
Hoofdstuk 7: Hout........................................................................................................................................ 39
1 Definitie van hout............................................................................................................................................39
2 Toepassingen van hout...................................................................................................................................39
3 Structuur van hout..........................................................................................................................................39
3.1 Macroscopische structuur.......................................................................................................................39
3.2 Vlakken en richtingen..............................................................................................................................40
4 Hout en water..................................................................................................................................................40
4.1 Houtvochtgehalte....................................................................................................................................40
4.2 Vezelverzadigingspunt.............................................................................................................................41
4.3 Drogingsproces van hout.........................................................................................................................41
4.4 Drogingseigenschappen van het hout.....................................................................................................41
5 Duurzaamheid van hout..................................................................................................................................42
5.1 Natuurlijke weerstand tegen schimmelaantasting.................................................................................42
5.2 Natuurlijke weerstand tegen insecten....................................................................................................42
5.3 Weerstand kunstmatig verhogen............................................................................................................42
6 Toegepaste houtsoorten.................................................................................................................................42
7 Aanduiding van hout.......................................................................................................................................42
8 Hout en energiebesparing...............................................................................................................................43
9 Hout bij brand.................................................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 8: isolatiemateriaal..................................................................................................................... 44
4
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
materialenleer
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 8
1 Materialenkennis en materiaalkunde...............................................................................................................8
2 Bouwmaterialen toepassingen..........................................................................................................................8
3 Eigenschappen van bouwmaterialen................................................................................................................8
4 Indeling van bouwmaterialen...........................................................................................................................8
5 Functies van constructies..................................................................................................................................9
Fundering.........................................................................................................................................................9
Buitenmuren (=gevels)....................................................................................................................................9
Daken...............................................................................................................................................................9
Vloeren...........................................................................................................................................................10
Binnenmuren.................................................................................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 1: Cement................................................................................................................................... 11
1 Geschiedenis van cement................................................................................................................................11
2 Definitie van cement.......................................................................................................................................11
3 Toepassing van cement...................................................................................................................................11
4 Bestanddelen van cement...............................................................................................................................12
5 Fabricatie van cement.....................................................................................................................................12
6 Indeling van cement........................................................................................................................................12
Cementtypes..................................................................................................................................................12
Druktesterkteklassen.....................................................................................................................................13
Metselcement................................................................................................................................................13
7 Verschil tussen cement, mortel, specie en beton............................................................................................13
8 Kwaliteitsgarantie van cement.......................................................................................................................13
9 Cement voor verschillende toepassingen........................................................................................................13
10 Duurzaamheid van cement...........................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 2: Beton...................................................................................................................................... 14
1 Definitie van beton..........................................................................................................................................14
2 Toepassingen van beton..................................................................................................................................14
3 Bestanddelen van beton..................................................................................................................................14
Toeslagmaterialen.........................................................................................................................................14
Vulstoffen.......................................................................................................................................................15
Cement...........................................................................................................................................................15
Water.............................................................................................................................................................15
Hulpstoffen....................................................................................................................................................15
4 Fabricatie van beton........................................................................................................................................15
Bekisting.........................................................................................................................................................15
Hydratatie......................................................................................................................................................15
1
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, Verdichten.....................................................................................................................................................15
Nabehandeling...............................................................................................................................................16
5 Indeling van beton...........................................................................................................................................16
Volumieke massa...........................................................................................................................................16
Uitvoeringsmethode......................................................................................................................................16
Bijzondere eigenschappen.............................................................................................................................16
6 Eigenschappen van beton...............................................................................................................................16
7 Watercementfactor (W/C)..............................................................................................................................17
8 Consistentie van beton....................................................................................................................................17
9 Druksterkte van beton.....................................................................................................................................17
Evolutie van de druksterkte...........................................................................................................................17
Druksterkteklassen........................................................................................................................................17
10 Gewapend beton...........................................................................................................................................17
11 Voorgespannen beton...................................................................................................................................18
12 Classificering van de aantastingsrisico’s van beton......................................................................................18
13 Omgevingsklassen van beton........................................................................................................................18
14 Betontype......................................................................................................................................................18
15 Kwaliteitsgarantie beton...............................................................................................................................18
16 Stortklaar versus zelfgemaakt.......................................................................................................................19
17 Beton en energiebesparing...........................................................................................................................19
18 Duurzaamheid van beton..............................................................................................................................19
19 Beton bij brand..............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 3: cellenbeton............................................................................................................................. 20
1 Geschiedenis van cellenbeton.........................................................................................................................20
2 Definitie van cellenbeton.................................................................................................................................20
3 Toepassingen...................................................................................................................................................20
4 Bestanddelen...................................................................................................................................................20
5 Fabricatie van cellenbeton..............................................................................................................................20
6 Producten van cellenbeton..............................................................................................................................21
7 Eigenschappen van cellenbeton......................................................................................................................21
8 Cellenbeton en energiebesparing....................................................................................................................21
Luchtdichtheid...............................................................................................................................................21
Isolatie............................................................................................................................................................21
9 Duurzaamheid van cellenbeton.......................................................................................................................21
10 Cellenbeton bij brand....................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 4: Kalkzandsteen......................................................................................................................... 22
1 Geschiedenis....................................................................................................................................................22
2 Toepassingen van kalkzandsteen....................................................................................................................22
3 Bestanddelen van kalkzandsteen....................................................................................................................22
4 Fabricatie.........................................................................................................................................................22
2
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, 5 Producten........................................................................................................................................................22
6 Kalkzandstenen wanddeel als totaalpakket...................................................................................................22
7 Eigenschappen van kalkzandsteen..................................................................................................................23
8 Kalkzandsteen en energiebesparing...............................................................................................................23
9 Duurzaamheid van kalkzandsteen..................................................................................................................23
10 Kalkzandsteen bij brand................................................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 5: Baksteen................................................................................................................................. 24
1 Definitie van baksteen.....................................................................................................................................24
2 Toepassingen van baksteen............................................................................................................................24
3 Bestanddelen van baksteen............................................................................................................................25
4 Fabricatie van baksteen..................................................................................................................................25
4.1 Vormen....................................................................................................................................................26
4.2 Drogen.....................................................................................................................................................26
4.3 Bakken.....................................................................................................................................................26
4.4 Extra behandelingen................................................................................................................................26
4.5 Nabehandeling.........................................................................................................................................27
5 Indeling van baksteen.....................................................................................................................................27
5.1 Productieproces.......................................................................................................................................27
5.2 Gebruiksbestemming...............................................................................................................................27
5.3 Geometrische vorm.................................................................................................................................27
5.4 Functie.....................................................................................................................................................28
6 Uitvoering van baksteenmetselwerk...............................................................................................................28
6.1 Baksteenformaten...................................................................................................................................28
6.2 Traditioneel metselen..............................................................................................................................28
6.3 Verlijmen..................................................................................................................................................28
6.4 Dunmetselen............................................................................................................................................28
6.5 Geprefabriceerd baksteenmetselwerk....................................................................................................29
7 Baksteen en energiebesparing........................................................................................................................29
8 Duurzaamheid van baksteen...........................................................................................................................29
8.1 Hergebruik...............................................................................................................................................29
8.2 Recyclage.................................................................................................................................................29
9 Baksteen bij brand...........................................................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 6: Metalen.................................................................................................................................. 30
1 Definitie van metalen......................................................................................................................................30
2 Indeling van metalen.......................................................................................................................................30
2.1 Aanwezigheid van ijzer............................................................................................................................30
2.2 Gebruik....................................................................................................................................................30
3 Corrosie van metalen......................................................................................................................................30
3.1 Corrosieweerstand..................................................................................................................................30
3.2 Roest versus corrosie...............................................................................................................................31
3.3 Galvanische corrosie................................................................................................................................31
4 Staal.................................................................................................................................................................32
4.1 Definitie van staal....................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Fabricatie van staal..................................................................................................................................32
4.3 Vloeigrens en treksterkte........................................................................................................................32
4.4 Eigenschappen van staal..........................................................................................................................33
3
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
, 4.5 Toepassingen van staal............................................................................................................................33
4.6 Indeling van staal.....................................................................................................................................33
4.7 Bescherming van staal tegen corrosie.....................................................................................................34
4.8 Roestvast staal.........................................................................................................................................34
4.9 Duurzaamheid van staal..........................................................................................................................35
4.10 Staal bij brand........................................................................................................................................35
5 Aluminium.......................................................................................................................................................35
5.1 Toepassingen...........................................................................................................................................35
5.2 Fabricatie.................................................................................................................................................35
5.3 Duurzaamheid..........................................................................................................................................36
5.4 Oppervlaktebehandelingen van aluminium............................................................................................36
5.5 Aluminium en galvanische corrosie.........................................................................................................36
5.6 Aluminiumlegeringen..............................................................................................................................36
6 Zink..................................................................................................................................................................36
6.1 Toepassing van zink.................................................................................................................................36
6.2 Zinklegeringen.........................................................................................................................................37
6.3 Duurzaamheid van zink............................................................................................................................37
6.4 Oppervlaktebehandelingen van zink.......................................................................................................37
7 Koper...............................................................................................................................................................37
7.1 Toepassingen van koper..........................................................................................................................37
7.2 Koperlegeringen......................................................................................................................................37
7.3 Duurzaamheid van koper.........................................................................................................................37
8 Lood.................................................................................................................................................................37
8.1 Vroegere toepassingen van lood.............................................................................................................38
8.2 Gezondheidsrisico’s van lood..................................................................................................................38
8.3 Opsporing.................................................................................................................................................38
8.4 Actuele toepassingen van lood................................................................................................................38
8.5 Duurzaamheid van lood...........................................................................................................................38
Hoofdstuk 7: Hout........................................................................................................................................ 39
1 Definitie van hout............................................................................................................................................39
2 Toepassingen van hout...................................................................................................................................39
3 Structuur van hout..........................................................................................................................................39
3.1 Macroscopische structuur.......................................................................................................................39
3.2 Vlakken en richtingen..............................................................................................................................40
4 Hout en water..................................................................................................................................................40
4.1 Houtvochtgehalte....................................................................................................................................40
4.2 Vezelverzadigingspunt.............................................................................................................................41
4.3 Drogingsproces van hout.........................................................................................................................41
4.4 Drogingseigenschappen van het hout.....................................................................................................41
5 Duurzaamheid van hout..................................................................................................................................42
5.1 Natuurlijke weerstand tegen schimmelaantasting.................................................................................42
5.2 Natuurlijke weerstand tegen insecten....................................................................................................42
5.3 Weerstand kunstmatig verhogen............................................................................................................42
6 Toegepaste houtsoorten.................................................................................................................................42
7 Aanduiding van hout.......................................................................................................................................42
8 Hout en energiebesparing...............................................................................................................................43
9 Hout bij brand.................................................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 8: isolatiemateriaal..................................................................................................................... 44
4
Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en Materialenleer
