Anatomy and Physiology
What is cell? basic unit of living material
What are Tissues? Groups of cells joined together to carry out a
particular task
What are organs? a collection of tissues joined together to
carry out a particular function)
a very powerful type of microscope needed to
What is Electron Microscope see inside the cells
a photograph taken of an object magnified
What is Photomicrograph using a microscope
a tiny body inside of a cell, which carries out
its own functions
What is Organelle?
means ‘first material, refers to anything
inside the cell boundary
What is protoplasm?
means cell material refers to anything inside
the cell boundary and outside the nucleus
What is Cytoplasm?
the central part of the cell, which is enclosed
in a membrane and is usually darker than the
What is Nucleus? rest of the cell because it contains genetic
material
the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in
human physiology that involves using or
What is Metabolism? releasing energy from chemical substances
, Anatomy and Physiology
the dark tangled mass is seen in the nucleus of
a resting cell
nucleic acid found in both the cell and the
nucleus, responsible for the manufacture of
What is a chromatin network? cell proteins such as pigments, enzymes and
hormones
What is Ribonucleic acid nucleic acid found only in the chromatin
network and chromosomes of the nucleus,
which is responsible for the control of the
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid? cell, and passing on of inherited
characteristics
What are chromosomes? long threads of DNA and protein were seen in
a dividing cell, which contain the genetic
material, or genes, responsible for
What are centrioles? transmitting inherited characteristics
organelles that play an important part in
spindle formation during cell division
What is mitochondria? spherical or rod-shaped bodies scattered in
the cytoplasm, concerned with energy release
What are cristae? the fold of the inner layer of the
mitochondrial membrane on which the enzymes
responsible for the oxidation of glucose are
what is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? situated
a chemical in mitochondria capable of trapping
What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)? and storing energy, to supply to the cell when
needed
What is difussion? a chemical left after ATP has released its
stored energy to do work
, Anatomy and Physiology
the passage of molecules from a high
What is Diffusion? concentration to a low concentration
the passage of water molecules from a
What is Osmosis? region of high concentration (of water
molecules) to one of low concentration
through a partially permeable membrane,
What is Arterial blood? such as the cell membrane of simple
epithelial cells
What is Venous blood? flows from the heart and is usually bright
red oxygenated blood
What is Collagen ? flows towards the heart and is usually
dark red deoxygenated blood
the structural protein in the form of
fibres for extra strength
What is the Central nervous system? the brain and the spinal cord
one muscle, or a sheet of muscles,
What is Antagonistic muscles? contracts while the opposing muscle or
sheet relaxes. For example, when the
biceps contract, the triceps relax
What is Myelin?
an insulating sheath around many nerve
fibres formed of proteins and
What is Catabolism? phospholipids, which increases the speed
of nerve conduction
What is Anabolism? the breaking down of molecule into
smaller units, releasing energy
the building up of complex molecules using
the energy released in catabolism
, Anatomy and Physiology
What is Gene? unit of heredity on a pair of
chromosomes
What is Allele?
half a gene, or the location of a
What is Homozygous? characteristic on one chromosome
What is Heterozygous? having two dominant or recessive alleles
What is Dominant? having one dominant and one recessive
allele
What is Recessive?
the allele that, when present, displays in
the individual
an allele that does not show when a
dominant allele is present
a diagram, named after the British
geneticist Reginald C. Punnett, was used to
determine the probability of an offspring
What is Punnett square? having a particular genotype
the outward display of a chan individual’s
What is Phenotype? genes, which are not outwardly observable,
or the identification of alleles an individual
inherits for a gene
What is Genotype ?
reproductive or sex cells, each cell is
haploid and carries only one copy of each
What is Gamete? chromosome
cell produced when a sperm fertilizes an
What is Zygote? ovum, it contains all the genetic material
for a new individual- half from the sperm
and half from the ovum
What is cell? basic unit of living material
What are Tissues? Groups of cells joined together to carry out a
particular task
What are organs? a collection of tissues joined together to
carry out a particular function)
a very powerful type of microscope needed to
What is Electron Microscope see inside the cells
a photograph taken of an object magnified
What is Photomicrograph using a microscope
a tiny body inside of a cell, which carries out
its own functions
What is Organelle?
means ‘first material, refers to anything
inside the cell boundary
What is protoplasm?
means cell material refers to anything inside
the cell boundary and outside the nucleus
What is Cytoplasm?
the central part of the cell, which is enclosed
in a membrane and is usually darker than the
What is Nucleus? rest of the cell because it contains genetic
material
the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in
human physiology that involves using or
What is Metabolism? releasing energy from chemical substances
, Anatomy and Physiology
the dark tangled mass is seen in the nucleus of
a resting cell
nucleic acid found in both the cell and the
nucleus, responsible for the manufacture of
What is a chromatin network? cell proteins such as pigments, enzymes and
hormones
What is Ribonucleic acid nucleic acid found only in the chromatin
network and chromosomes of the nucleus,
which is responsible for the control of the
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid? cell, and passing on of inherited
characteristics
What are chromosomes? long threads of DNA and protein were seen in
a dividing cell, which contain the genetic
material, or genes, responsible for
What are centrioles? transmitting inherited characteristics
organelles that play an important part in
spindle formation during cell division
What is mitochondria? spherical or rod-shaped bodies scattered in
the cytoplasm, concerned with energy release
What are cristae? the fold of the inner layer of the
mitochondrial membrane on which the enzymes
responsible for the oxidation of glucose are
what is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? situated
a chemical in mitochondria capable of trapping
What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)? and storing energy, to supply to the cell when
needed
What is difussion? a chemical left after ATP has released its
stored energy to do work
, Anatomy and Physiology
the passage of molecules from a high
What is Diffusion? concentration to a low concentration
the passage of water molecules from a
What is Osmosis? region of high concentration (of water
molecules) to one of low concentration
through a partially permeable membrane,
What is Arterial blood? such as the cell membrane of simple
epithelial cells
What is Venous blood? flows from the heart and is usually bright
red oxygenated blood
What is Collagen ? flows towards the heart and is usually
dark red deoxygenated blood
the structural protein in the form of
fibres for extra strength
What is the Central nervous system? the brain and the spinal cord
one muscle, or a sheet of muscles,
What is Antagonistic muscles? contracts while the opposing muscle or
sheet relaxes. For example, when the
biceps contract, the triceps relax
What is Myelin?
an insulating sheath around many nerve
fibres formed of proteins and
What is Catabolism? phospholipids, which increases the speed
of nerve conduction
What is Anabolism? the breaking down of molecule into
smaller units, releasing energy
the building up of complex molecules using
the energy released in catabolism
, Anatomy and Physiology
What is Gene? unit of heredity on a pair of
chromosomes
What is Allele?
half a gene, or the location of a
What is Homozygous? characteristic on one chromosome
What is Heterozygous? having two dominant or recessive alleles
What is Dominant? having one dominant and one recessive
allele
What is Recessive?
the allele that, when present, displays in
the individual
an allele that does not show when a
dominant allele is present
a diagram, named after the British
geneticist Reginald C. Punnett, was used to
determine the probability of an offspring
What is Punnett square? having a particular genotype
the outward display of a chan individual’s
What is Phenotype? genes, which are not outwardly observable,
or the identification of alleles an individual
inherits for a gene
What is Genotype ?
reproductive or sex cells, each cell is
haploid and carries only one copy of each
What is Gamete? chromosome
cell produced when a sperm fertilizes an
What is Zygote? ovum, it contains all the genetic material
for a new individual- half from the sperm
and half from the ovum
