STAGE 1 ERAU FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
STUDY GUIDE
◉ What is trace icing?
Answer: Ice becomes noticeable; rate of accumulation slightly
greater than sublimation. Deicing/Anti-icing equipment is not used
unless is still present over an hour.
◉ What is light icing?
Answer: Rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is
prolonged in this environment for over an hour. Occasional use of
Deicing/Anti-icing equipment remove or prevents accumulation.
◉ What is moderate icing?
Answer: The rate of accretion is such that even short encounters
become potentially hazardous and the use of deicing/anti-icing
equipment, or diversion, is necessary.
◉ What is severe icing?
Answer: The rate of accretion is such that deicing/anti-icing
equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard.
, Immediate diversion is necessary.
◉ What is known icing conditions?
Answer: Visible moisture, and temperatures below 2 degrees
◉ What are the definitions of freezing temperatures?
Answer: 0 degrees in theory, 2 degrees for the FAA, 5 degrees for
ERAU
◉ Why is higher than zero?
Answer: Aerodynamic cooling effect, low pressure over the wings
causes lower temperatures than the OAT probe reads
◉ What is a VOR?
Answer: Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range
◉ How does a VOR work?
Answer: it broadcasts two signals called the reference phase and the
variable phase
The difference between the two signals is where the aircraft is
located
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
STUDY GUIDE
◉ What is trace icing?
Answer: Ice becomes noticeable; rate of accumulation slightly
greater than sublimation. Deicing/Anti-icing equipment is not used
unless is still present over an hour.
◉ What is light icing?
Answer: Rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is
prolonged in this environment for over an hour. Occasional use of
Deicing/Anti-icing equipment remove or prevents accumulation.
◉ What is moderate icing?
Answer: The rate of accretion is such that even short encounters
become potentially hazardous and the use of deicing/anti-icing
equipment, or diversion, is necessary.
◉ What is severe icing?
Answer: The rate of accretion is such that deicing/anti-icing
equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard.
, Immediate diversion is necessary.
◉ What is known icing conditions?
Answer: Visible moisture, and temperatures below 2 degrees
◉ What are the definitions of freezing temperatures?
Answer: 0 degrees in theory, 2 degrees for the FAA, 5 degrees for
ERAU
◉ Why is higher than zero?
Answer: Aerodynamic cooling effect, low pressure over the wings
causes lower temperatures than the OAT probe reads
◉ What is a VOR?
Answer: Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range
◉ How does a VOR work?
Answer: it broadcasts two signals called the reference phase and the
variable phase
The difference between the two signals is where the aircraft is
located
