FOUNDATIONS OF MATERNAL NEWBORN AND
WOMENS HEALTH EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Explain the normal function of the female and male reproductive
systems. Answer: The human reproductive system functions to
produce human offspring, with the male providing sperm and the
female providing the ovum.
◉ Describe the structure and function of normal human genes and
chromosomes. Answer: - Genes contain the information necessary
for living cells to survive and reproduce. In most organisms, genes
are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines
the function of the gene.
- Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA
contains the specific instructions that make each type of living
creature unique.
◉ Describe the characteristics of single gene traits and their
transmission from parent to child. Answer: If expression of a trait
requires only one copy of a gene (one allele), that trait is considered
dominant. If expression of a trait requires 2 copies of a gene (2
alleles), that trait is considered recessive.
,◉ Relate chromosomal abnormalities to spontaneous abortion and
birth defects in the infant. Answer: Some chromosomal
abnormalities occur when there is an extra chromosome, while
others occur when a section of a chromosome is deleted or
duplicated. Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy loss before 20
weeks of gestational age. Genetic abnormalities within the embryo
(ie, chromosomal abnormalities) are the most common cause of
spontaneous abortion and account for 50-65% of all miscarriages.
◉ Explain the characteristics of multifactorial birth defects. Answer:
Multifactorial inheritance means that many factors are involved in
causing a birth defect. The factors are usually both genetic and
environmental, where a combination of genes from both parents, in
addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or
condition.
◉ Identify environmental factors that can interfere with prenatal
development and ways to prevent or reduce their negative effects.
Answer: Environmental influences ranging from radioactivity and
stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and
viruses in the mother's bloodstream can affect prenatal
development. In addition to abstaining from drugs, alcohol,
medications, and other substances, proper medical care, social
support, and postnatal care can all play an important role in
minimizing the dangers of environmental toxins.
,◉ Explain the role of the nurse in caring for individuals or families
with concerns about birth defects. Answer: Nurses can help patients
understand test results, provide support, explore implications for
family, and encourage compliance with screening and treatment
recommendations.
◉ Describe the developmental processes of the transition to the role
of father. Answer: Grappling with reality, recognition as parents,
involvement in pregnancy and parenting
Couvade: pregnancy related symptoms
◉ Describe the responses of prospective grandparents and siblings
to pregnancy. Answer: Age, other grandchildren, and acceptance of
new role for child as a parent
Reassurance of continued importance, support person might be
needed
◉ Preembryonic Period Answer: first 2 weeks after conception
◉ Embryonic Period Answer: 3rd - 8th week after conception
◉ Fetal Period Answer: 9th week - delivery
◉ Preparing for implantation cell divison Answer: Fertilization
, Day 0: Zygote
Day 1:
Day 2: Two Cells
Day 3: Four Cells
Day 4: Morula (16 Cells)
Day 5: blastocyte
Day 6:
Day 7: blastocyte implanting
◉ hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) Answer: - This stimulates
the corpus luteum to produce estrogen & progesterone (until
placenta takes over at wk 13)
- E/P build up uterine lining
- E/P decrease FSH/LH (ovulating horomones)
◉ Ebryonic Period Development Answer: - basic structures of all
major body organs are completed
- extrememly vulnerable to teratogens (agent or factor which causes
malformation of an embryo.)
- development: genetic info from parents, interaction between
tissues, timing.
WOMENS HEALTH EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Explain the normal function of the female and male reproductive
systems. Answer: The human reproductive system functions to
produce human offspring, with the male providing sperm and the
female providing the ovum.
◉ Describe the structure and function of normal human genes and
chromosomes. Answer: - Genes contain the information necessary
for living cells to survive and reproduce. In most organisms, genes
are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines
the function of the gene.
- Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA
contains the specific instructions that make each type of living
creature unique.
◉ Describe the characteristics of single gene traits and their
transmission from parent to child. Answer: If expression of a trait
requires only one copy of a gene (one allele), that trait is considered
dominant. If expression of a trait requires 2 copies of a gene (2
alleles), that trait is considered recessive.
,◉ Relate chromosomal abnormalities to spontaneous abortion and
birth defects in the infant. Answer: Some chromosomal
abnormalities occur when there is an extra chromosome, while
others occur when a section of a chromosome is deleted or
duplicated. Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy loss before 20
weeks of gestational age. Genetic abnormalities within the embryo
(ie, chromosomal abnormalities) are the most common cause of
spontaneous abortion and account for 50-65% of all miscarriages.
◉ Explain the characteristics of multifactorial birth defects. Answer:
Multifactorial inheritance means that many factors are involved in
causing a birth defect. The factors are usually both genetic and
environmental, where a combination of genes from both parents, in
addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or
condition.
◉ Identify environmental factors that can interfere with prenatal
development and ways to prevent or reduce their negative effects.
Answer: Environmental influences ranging from radioactivity and
stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and
viruses in the mother's bloodstream can affect prenatal
development. In addition to abstaining from drugs, alcohol,
medications, and other substances, proper medical care, social
support, and postnatal care can all play an important role in
minimizing the dangers of environmental toxins.
,◉ Explain the role of the nurse in caring for individuals or families
with concerns about birth defects. Answer: Nurses can help patients
understand test results, provide support, explore implications for
family, and encourage compliance with screening and treatment
recommendations.
◉ Describe the developmental processes of the transition to the role
of father. Answer: Grappling with reality, recognition as parents,
involvement in pregnancy and parenting
Couvade: pregnancy related symptoms
◉ Describe the responses of prospective grandparents and siblings
to pregnancy. Answer: Age, other grandchildren, and acceptance of
new role for child as a parent
Reassurance of continued importance, support person might be
needed
◉ Preembryonic Period Answer: first 2 weeks after conception
◉ Embryonic Period Answer: 3rd - 8th week after conception
◉ Fetal Period Answer: 9th week - delivery
◉ Preparing for implantation cell divison Answer: Fertilization
, Day 0: Zygote
Day 1:
Day 2: Two Cells
Day 3: Four Cells
Day 4: Morula (16 Cells)
Day 5: blastocyte
Day 6:
Day 7: blastocyte implanting
◉ hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) Answer: - This stimulates
the corpus luteum to produce estrogen & progesterone (until
placenta takes over at wk 13)
- E/P build up uterine lining
- E/P decrease FSH/LH (ovulating horomones)
◉ Ebryonic Period Development Answer: - basic structures of all
major body organs are completed
- extrememly vulnerable to teratogens (agent or factor which causes
malformation of an embryo.)
- development: genetic info from parents, interaction between
tissues, timing.
