NR283 Pathophysiology Final
Exam Question and
Answers Latest 2026|100 %
Verified - Chamberlain College of
Nursing
1. A client is brought to the emergency department in an
unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of hyperglycemic
hyperosmolar state (HHS) is made. The nurse
would immediately prepare to initiate which anticipated
health care provider's prescription?
1. Endotracheal intubation
2. 100 units of NPH insulin
3. Intravenous infusion of normal saline
4. Intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate
3. Intravenous infusion of normal saline
2. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with
diabetes mellitus and the client asks the nurse about the
functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on
which information about the pump?
1. Is timed to release programmed doses of short- duration
or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals
2. Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into
the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose
levels
3. Is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular
insulin into the pancreas, which in turn releases the insulin
into the bloodstream
4. Gives a small continuous dose of short-duration
insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-
administer a bolus with an additional dose from the
pump before each meal
, 4. Gives a small continuous dose of short-duration insulin
subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with
an additional dose from the pump before each meal
3. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is
being treated in the emergency department. Which
findings would the nurse expect to note as confirming this
diagnosis? Select all that apply.
1. Increase in pH
, 2. Comatose state
3. Deep, rapid breathing
4. Decreased urine output
5. Elevated blood glucose level
6. Low plasma bicarbonate level
o 3. Deep, rapid breathing
o 5. Elevated blood glucose level
o 6. Low plasma bicarbonate level
4. The nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus about
differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The
client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by
stating that a form of glucose should be taken if which
symptoms develop? Select all that apply.
1. Polyuria
2. Shakiness
3. Palpitations
4. Blurred vision
5. Lightheadedness
6. Fruity breath odor
o 2. Shakiness
o 3. Palpitations
o 5. Lightheadedness
5. A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute
anxiety when first admitted to the hospital for the
treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the most
appropriate intervention to decrease the client's
anxiety?
1. Administer a sedative.
2. Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the
client.
3. Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety so that they will
soon disappear.
4. Make sure that the client knows all the correct
medical terms to understand what is happening.
2. Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client.
, 6. The nurse provides instructions to a client newly
diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse
recognizes accurate understanding of measures to
prevent diabetic ketoacidosis when the client makes
which statement?
1. "I will stop taking my insulin if I'm too sick to eat."
2. "I will decrease my insulin dose during times of
illness."
3. "I will adjust my insulin dose according to the level of
glucose in my urine."
4. "I will notify my health care provider (HCP) if my blood
glucose level is higher than 250 mg/dL."
4. "I will notify my health care provider (HCP) if my blood glucose
level is higher than 250 mg/dL."
7. A client is admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA). The initial blood glucose level was 950
mg/dL. A continuous intravenous infusion of short-acting
insulin is initiated, along with intravenous rehydration with
normal saline. The serum glucose level is now 240 mg/dL.
The nurse would next prepare to administer which item?
1. Ampule of 50% dextrose
2. NPH insulin subcutaneously
3. Intravenous fluids containing dextrose
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) for the prevention of seizures
3. Intravenous fluids containing dextrose
8. The nurse is monitoring a client newly diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which sign, if
exhibited in the client, would indicate hyperglycemia?
1. Polyuria
2. Diaphoresis
3. Hypertension
4. Increased pulse rate
1. Polyuria
Exam Question and
Answers Latest 2026|100 %
Verified - Chamberlain College of
Nursing
1. A client is brought to the emergency department in an
unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of hyperglycemic
hyperosmolar state (HHS) is made. The nurse
would immediately prepare to initiate which anticipated
health care provider's prescription?
1. Endotracheal intubation
2. 100 units of NPH insulin
3. Intravenous infusion of normal saline
4. Intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate
3. Intravenous infusion of normal saline
2. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with
diabetes mellitus and the client asks the nurse about the
functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on
which information about the pump?
1. Is timed to release programmed doses of short- duration
or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals
2. Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into
the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose
levels
3. Is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular
insulin into the pancreas, which in turn releases the insulin
into the bloodstream
4. Gives a small continuous dose of short-duration
insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-
administer a bolus with an additional dose from the
pump before each meal
, 4. Gives a small continuous dose of short-duration insulin
subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with
an additional dose from the pump before each meal
3. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is
being treated in the emergency department. Which
findings would the nurse expect to note as confirming this
diagnosis? Select all that apply.
1. Increase in pH
, 2. Comatose state
3. Deep, rapid breathing
4. Decreased urine output
5. Elevated blood glucose level
6. Low plasma bicarbonate level
o 3. Deep, rapid breathing
o 5. Elevated blood glucose level
o 6. Low plasma bicarbonate level
4. The nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus about
differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The
client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by
stating that a form of glucose should be taken if which
symptoms develop? Select all that apply.
1. Polyuria
2. Shakiness
3. Palpitations
4. Blurred vision
5. Lightheadedness
6. Fruity breath odor
o 2. Shakiness
o 3. Palpitations
o 5. Lightheadedness
5. A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute
anxiety when first admitted to the hospital for the
treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the most
appropriate intervention to decrease the client's
anxiety?
1. Administer a sedative.
2. Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the
client.
3. Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety so that they will
soon disappear.
4. Make sure that the client knows all the correct
medical terms to understand what is happening.
2. Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client.
, 6. The nurse provides instructions to a client newly
diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse
recognizes accurate understanding of measures to
prevent diabetic ketoacidosis when the client makes
which statement?
1. "I will stop taking my insulin if I'm too sick to eat."
2. "I will decrease my insulin dose during times of
illness."
3. "I will adjust my insulin dose according to the level of
glucose in my urine."
4. "I will notify my health care provider (HCP) if my blood
glucose level is higher than 250 mg/dL."
4. "I will notify my health care provider (HCP) if my blood glucose
level is higher than 250 mg/dL."
7. A client is admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA). The initial blood glucose level was 950
mg/dL. A continuous intravenous infusion of short-acting
insulin is initiated, along with intravenous rehydration with
normal saline. The serum glucose level is now 240 mg/dL.
The nurse would next prepare to administer which item?
1. Ampule of 50% dextrose
2. NPH insulin subcutaneously
3. Intravenous fluids containing dextrose
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) for the prevention of seizures
3. Intravenous fluids containing dextrose
8. The nurse is monitoring a client newly diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which sign, if
exhibited in the client, would indicate hyperglycemia?
1. Polyuria
2. Diaphoresis
3. Hypertension
4. Increased pulse rate
1. Polyuria
