19, 20, 22, 23) Exam Questions and
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Functional Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER -is flexible; it is apparent with standing
and disappears with forward bending. It may be compensatory for other
abnormalities such as leg length discrepancy
Structural Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER -is fixed; the curvature shows both on
standing and on bending forward. Note hip hump woth forward flexion -- common
in young girls (age 10)
Nerve - CORRECT ANSWER -is a bundle of fibers outside the CNS
The peripheral nerves carry input to the CNS via.. - CORRECT ANSWER -Afferent
fibers
The peripheral nerves carry output from the CNS via... - CORRECT ANSWER -
Efferent fibers
,deep tendon reflex - CORRECT ANSWER -(myotatic) patellar or knee jerk
superficial reflex - CORRECT ANSWER -(corneal reflex, abdominal reflex)
Visceral (organic) reflex - CORRECT ANSWER -pupillary response to light and
accommodation
Pathologic (abnormal) reflex - CORRECT ANSWER -Babinski reflex
Olfactory (Cranial nerve I) - CORRECT ANSWER -smell
Optic (Cranial nerve II) - CORRECT ANSWER -vision
Oculomotor (Cranial nerve III) - CORRECT ANSWER -most EOM movement, and
opening of the eyelids, pupil constriction, lens shape
,Trochlear (Cranial nerve IV) - CORRECT ANSWER -down and inward movement of
the eye
Trigeminal (Cranial nerve V) - CORRECT ANSWER -Muscles of mastication
(chewing)
Abducens (Cranial nerve VI) - CORRECT ANSWER -Lateral eye movement
Facial (Cranial nerve VII) - CORRECT ANSWER -facial muscles, close eye, labial
speech, mucous membranes of mouth and nose
Acoustic (Cranial nerve VIII) - CORRECT ANSWER -hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal (Cranial nerve IX) - CORRECT ANSWER -motor- pharynx
(pronation and swallowing), taste, gag reflex
Vagus (Cranial nerve X) - CORRECT ANSWER -talking and swallowing,
, Spinal Accessory (Cranial nerve XI) - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of trapezius
and sternomastoid muscles
Hypoglossal (Cranial nerve XII) - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of the tongue
Dermatomes - CORRECT ANSWER -which forms the connective tissues, including
the dermis
Shingles showing on dermatome... - CORRECT ANSWER -Viruses that infect spinal
nerves, such as herpes zoster infections (shingles), can reveal their origin by
showing up as a painful dermatomic area. Herpes zoster, a virus that can be
dormant in the dorsal root ganglion, migrates along the spinal nerve to affect only
the area of skin served by that nerve.
Aging is accompanied by... - CORRECT ANSWER -progressive decrease in cerebral
blood flow and oxygen consumption
Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER -is an interruption of blood supply to the brain and is
fourth most common cause of death in America