ARDMS ADULT ECHO 2026 REVISION EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The normal wall thichness measurement should be what - ✔✔<11 mm or <1.1 cm
✔✔Simpsons rule is used for measuring what - ✔✔EF
✔✔What is the most accurate measurement for assessing LVF - ✔✔Simpsons
✔✔The formula for the quantification of pulmonary blood volume vs systemic volume -
✔✔Qp/Qs
✔✔with Qp/Qs L-R shunts with volume overload to right heart. When the right heart or
Qp volume is greater than ____ of the left heart or the Qs volume, the shunt is
significant - ✔✔1.5
✔✔on M mode the aorta is measured at - ✔✔end systole
✔✔External focusing of the transducer is with the _ - ✔✔lens
✔✔intermal focusing of the transducer is with the - ✔✔curved element and phased
array focusing is with the electronics of the US system
✔✔Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than____ of the PRF - ✔✔1/2
✔✔Contrast can be used to _____ the Doppler signal in order to obtain an adequate
display - ✔✔highlight
✔✔When using a contrast media the sonographer must _____ acoustic power -
✔✔decrease. Higher power will burst the bubbles of contrast
✔✔Type of artifact caused by the regular periodic spacing of elements within the array.
They create artifacts by measuring time of flight to an object located outside the main
beam and placing the detected echo as if the interface were located along the US path
of the main beam - ✔✔Grating lobes
✔✔Grating lobes are found in ______ transducers - ✔✔array
✔✔An associated finding of interatrial septal aneurysm is an - ✔✔ASD. An interatrial
septal aneurysm is bulging of the fossa ovalis region of the interatrial septum. Septal
aneurysms have a high likelihood of fenestration ( up to 90%)
,✔✔A way of describing the extent to which a signal can vary yet still be accurately
processed. Measured in decibels (dB). - ✔✔Dynamic range
✔✔Dilation of the CS can indicate an increase in _____ __________ pressure, and
_______ - ✔✔RA, Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava
✔✔T/F PISA can be used to calculate regurg when there are multiple regurg jets -
✔✔False, it is difficult to obtain a flow convergence when theree are multiple jets
✔✔The modality that obtains myocardial velocities and derives the information from the
valve annulus - ✔✔TDI
✔✔T/F Doppler shift is directly related to tranducer frequency - ✔✔true
✔✔Doppler shift is directly proportional to _________ - ✔✔velocity
✔✔The optimal Doppler angle for echo is __ -______ degrees - ✔✔0- 20 degrees
✔✔The sample depth and PRF are ______ proportional - ✔✔Inversely
✔✔The _______ generates sound pulses that excites the transducers poezoelectiric
crystals and create sound beams - ✔✔pulser
✔✔The ______ determines amplitude, PRP, PRF - ✔✔pulser
✔✔T/F the sonographer can adjust the electrical voltage spike of the pulser - ✔✔True
✔✔A narrow dynamic range means _______ gray shaded, and ______ contrast -
✔✔fewer, high
✔✔This artifact is created when sound reflects off a strong reflector and is redirected
toward a second structure - ✔✔mirror image, the redirection causes a replica, second
copy
✔✔This artifact is the result of width and length mode vibrations, immediate
reverberations at crystal-tissue interface and interference phenomena. - ✔✔Side lobes
✔✔Side lobes are produced by ________ crystal transducers - ✔✔single
✔✔A technique called ______ lower side lobes intensity for electronic arrays -
✔✔apodization
, ✔✔T/F moving the color box region of interest can change the frame rate - ✔✔True, if
the ROI is lower in the section it will decrease the frame rate.
✔✔T?F changing the PRF will change the frame rate - ✔✔True increase PRF increase
FR. Decreasing image depth.
✔✔dP/dt assesses the LV ___- performance - ✔✔systolic
✔✔Color Doppler can display ____ frequency shifts, the _____ of BF, and the _______
of flow - ✔✔mean, direction, quality ( such as laminar or turbulent)
✔✔Spatial __ temporal _______ will give the hishest intensity - ✔✔Spatial peak,
temporal peak (SPTP)
spatial average, temporal average sill give the lowest intnsity
✔✔The initial treatment for ventricular fib is _______ _________ - ✔✔unsynchronized
cardioversion. Joules or electricity are delivered when the paddles are pressed. A
standard 200 joules is required using biphasic defibrillators.
✔✔The period of time when all valves are closed; the ventricles are CONTRACTING
and the ventricular pressure in INCREASING - ✔✔isovolmetric contration
✔✔The slow filling phase of diastole is called what - ✔✔diastasis
✔✔How long is a normal PR interval - ✔✔0.16- 0.11 sec
✔✔Normal QRS interval is how long - ✔✔.06-0.11
✔✔Atrial depolarization on an EKG occurs during the ________ wave - ✔✔T wave
✔✔small fibrous nodules located at the center of each cusp are called - ✔✔nodules
Arantius
✔✔T/F heart valves open passively - ✔✔true---This is due to pressure opening the
valves
✔✔The order of ventricular filling - ✔✔1. Rapid filling (ventricular systole)
2. Slow filling (diastasis)
3. artrial systole
✔✔How many veins dump deoxygenated blood into the RA in a normal heart - ✔✔3 ---
IVC, SVC, CS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The normal wall thichness measurement should be what - ✔✔<11 mm or <1.1 cm
✔✔Simpsons rule is used for measuring what - ✔✔EF
✔✔What is the most accurate measurement for assessing LVF - ✔✔Simpsons
✔✔The formula for the quantification of pulmonary blood volume vs systemic volume -
✔✔Qp/Qs
✔✔with Qp/Qs L-R shunts with volume overload to right heart. When the right heart or
Qp volume is greater than ____ of the left heart or the Qs volume, the shunt is
significant - ✔✔1.5
✔✔on M mode the aorta is measured at - ✔✔end systole
✔✔External focusing of the transducer is with the _ - ✔✔lens
✔✔intermal focusing of the transducer is with the - ✔✔curved element and phased
array focusing is with the electronics of the US system
✔✔Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than____ of the PRF - ✔✔1/2
✔✔Contrast can be used to _____ the Doppler signal in order to obtain an adequate
display - ✔✔highlight
✔✔When using a contrast media the sonographer must _____ acoustic power -
✔✔decrease. Higher power will burst the bubbles of contrast
✔✔Type of artifact caused by the regular periodic spacing of elements within the array.
They create artifacts by measuring time of flight to an object located outside the main
beam and placing the detected echo as if the interface were located along the US path
of the main beam - ✔✔Grating lobes
✔✔Grating lobes are found in ______ transducers - ✔✔array
✔✔An associated finding of interatrial septal aneurysm is an - ✔✔ASD. An interatrial
septal aneurysm is bulging of the fossa ovalis region of the interatrial septum. Septal
aneurysms have a high likelihood of fenestration ( up to 90%)
,✔✔A way of describing the extent to which a signal can vary yet still be accurately
processed. Measured in decibels (dB). - ✔✔Dynamic range
✔✔Dilation of the CS can indicate an increase in _____ __________ pressure, and
_______ - ✔✔RA, Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava
✔✔T/F PISA can be used to calculate regurg when there are multiple regurg jets -
✔✔False, it is difficult to obtain a flow convergence when theree are multiple jets
✔✔The modality that obtains myocardial velocities and derives the information from the
valve annulus - ✔✔TDI
✔✔T/F Doppler shift is directly related to tranducer frequency - ✔✔true
✔✔Doppler shift is directly proportional to _________ - ✔✔velocity
✔✔The optimal Doppler angle for echo is __ -______ degrees - ✔✔0- 20 degrees
✔✔The sample depth and PRF are ______ proportional - ✔✔Inversely
✔✔The _______ generates sound pulses that excites the transducers poezoelectiric
crystals and create sound beams - ✔✔pulser
✔✔The ______ determines amplitude, PRP, PRF - ✔✔pulser
✔✔T/F the sonographer can adjust the electrical voltage spike of the pulser - ✔✔True
✔✔A narrow dynamic range means _______ gray shaded, and ______ contrast -
✔✔fewer, high
✔✔This artifact is created when sound reflects off a strong reflector and is redirected
toward a second structure - ✔✔mirror image, the redirection causes a replica, second
copy
✔✔This artifact is the result of width and length mode vibrations, immediate
reverberations at crystal-tissue interface and interference phenomena. - ✔✔Side lobes
✔✔Side lobes are produced by ________ crystal transducers - ✔✔single
✔✔A technique called ______ lower side lobes intensity for electronic arrays -
✔✔apodization
, ✔✔T/F moving the color box region of interest can change the frame rate - ✔✔True, if
the ROI is lower in the section it will decrease the frame rate.
✔✔T?F changing the PRF will change the frame rate - ✔✔True increase PRF increase
FR. Decreasing image depth.
✔✔dP/dt assesses the LV ___- performance - ✔✔systolic
✔✔Color Doppler can display ____ frequency shifts, the _____ of BF, and the _______
of flow - ✔✔mean, direction, quality ( such as laminar or turbulent)
✔✔Spatial __ temporal _______ will give the hishest intensity - ✔✔Spatial peak,
temporal peak (SPTP)
spatial average, temporal average sill give the lowest intnsity
✔✔The initial treatment for ventricular fib is _______ _________ - ✔✔unsynchronized
cardioversion. Joules or electricity are delivered when the paddles are pressed. A
standard 200 joules is required using biphasic defibrillators.
✔✔The period of time when all valves are closed; the ventricles are CONTRACTING
and the ventricular pressure in INCREASING - ✔✔isovolmetric contration
✔✔The slow filling phase of diastole is called what - ✔✔diastasis
✔✔How long is a normal PR interval - ✔✔0.16- 0.11 sec
✔✔Normal QRS interval is how long - ✔✔.06-0.11
✔✔Atrial depolarization on an EKG occurs during the ________ wave - ✔✔T wave
✔✔small fibrous nodules located at the center of each cusp are called - ✔✔nodules
Arantius
✔✔T/F heart valves open passively - ✔✔true---This is due to pressure opening the
valves
✔✔The order of ventricular filling - ✔✔1. Rapid filling (ventricular systole)
2. Slow filling (diastasis)
3. artrial systole
✔✔How many veins dump deoxygenated blood into the RA in a normal heart - ✔✔3 ---
IVC, SVC, CS
