1|Page
Psychology of Personality 290 Umich Exam 1 Questions and
Answers with Complete Solutions UPDATED!!!
Psychological Triad - ANSWER How people feel, think, and
behave
Personality - ANSWER An individual's characteristic patterns of
thought, emotion, and behavior
Basic Approach (Paradigm) - ANSWER View of personality that
focuses on some phenomena and not others
Trait Approach - ANSWER How people differ psychologically,
and how these differences might be conceptualized
(fundamental dimensions)
Biological Approach - ANSWER Anatomy, physiology, genetics,
evolution, and their relevance for personality
Psychoanalytic Approach - ANSWER Unconscious mind, nature
& resolution of internal mental conflict (the mechanisms that
drive personality)
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Phenomenological Approach - ANSWER People's conscious
experience of the world, their phenomenology (outside factors)
Humanistic Psychology - ANSWER How conscious awareness
can produce such uniquely human attributes as existential as
anxiety, creativity, and free will
Cross-Cultural Personality Research - ANSWER The experience
of reality might be different in different cultures
Learning and Cognitive Processes Approaches - ANSWER
Behaviorism, social learning theory, cognitive personality
psychology
Funder's 1st Law - ANSWER Great strengths are usually great
weaknesses and vice versa
Trait Similarity in Marriages - ANSWER Similarity predicted
decreases in satisfaction (trait)
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Phineas Gage and the Bar - ANSWER Experiences of personality
changes, punctured frontal lobe (biological)
Transference - ANSWER Misattribute personality to someone
who 'resembles' someone else (psychoanalytic)
Postive Illusions - Adaptive or Maladaptive? - ANSWER First
adaptive, but then become maladaptive over time
Do bilinguals have 2 Personalities? - ANSWER It is possible -
different environments (phenomenological)
Psychopathy in Children - ANSWER Callous-Unemotional traits
(less eye-contact with parents)
One Big Theory - ANSWER All approaches in one, kind of good
at all, but not very good at any
Id - ANSWER Unconscious urges and desires
Superego - ANSWER Moral ideals
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Ego - ANSWER Executive Mediation (how you actually act in
accordance to the id and superego)
Scientific Education - ANSWER Thinking > memorization,
seeking new knowledge (ex: psychologist)
Technical Training - ANSWER Memorizing what is already known
and how to use it (ex: physician)
S-Data - ANSWER Self reports (ex: questionnaire)
Face Validity - ANSWER Intended to measure what they appear
to be measuring
Fish-and-Water Effect - ANSWER Fish don't realize they're wet
(disadvantage to S-Data)
I-Data - ANSWER Informant reports (ex: questionnaire filled out
by someone who knows you)
Psychology of Personality 290 Umich Exam 1 Questions and
Answers with Complete Solutions UPDATED!!!
Psychological Triad - ANSWER How people feel, think, and
behave
Personality - ANSWER An individual's characteristic patterns of
thought, emotion, and behavior
Basic Approach (Paradigm) - ANSWER View of personality that
focuses on some phenomena and not others
Trait Approach - ANSWER How people differ psychologically,
and how these differences might be conceptualized
(fundamental dimensions)
Biological Approach - ANSWER Anatomy, physiology, genetics,
evolution, and their relevance for personality
Psychoanalytic Approach - ANSWER Unconscious mind, nature
& resolution of internal mental conflict (the mechanisms that
drive personality)
,2|Page
Phenomenological Approach - ANSWER People's conscious
experience of the world, their phenomenology (outside factors)
Humanistic Psychology - ANSWER How conscious awareness
can produce such uniquely human attributes as existential as
anxiety, creativity, and free will
Cross-Cultural Personality Research - ANSWER The experience
of reality might be different in different cultures
Learning and Cognitive Processes Approaches - ANSWER
Behaviorism, social learning theory, cognitive personality
psychology
Funder's 1st Law - ANSWER Great strengths are usually great
weaknesses and vice versa
Trait Similarity in Marriages - ANSWER Similarity predicted
decreases in satisfaction (trait)
,3|Page
Phineas Gage and the Bar - ANSWER Experiences of personality
changes, punctured frontal lobe (biological)
Transference - ANSWER Misattribute personality to someone
who 'resembles' someone else (psychoanalytic)
Postive Illusions - Adaptive or Maladaptive? - ANSWER First
adaptive, but then become maladaptive over time
Do bilinguals have 2 Personalities? - ANSWER It is possible -
different environments (phenomenological)
Psychopathy in Children - ANSWER Callous-Unemotional traits
(less eye-contact with parents)
One Big Theory - ANSWER All approaches in one, kind of good
at all, but not very good at any
Id - ANSWER Unconscious urges and desires
Superego - ANSWER Moral ideals
, 4|Page
Ego - ANSWER Executive Mediation (how you actually act in
accordance to the id and superego)
Scientific Education - ANSWER Thinking > memorization,
seeking new knowledge (ex: psychologist)
Technical Training - ANSWER Memorizing what is already known
and how to use it (ex: physician)
S-Data - ANSWER Self reports (ex: questionnaire)
Face Validity - ANSWER Intended to measure what they appear
to be measuring
Fish-and-Water Effect - ANSWER Fish don't realize they're wet
(disadvantage to S-Data)
I-Data - ANSWER Informant reports (ex: questionnaire filled out
by someone who knows you)
