AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE IN CANADA BRIDGING
HEALTH AND HEALING 2ND ED
Vasiliki Douglas
CONTENTS
PART I INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND HEALTH
1. Introduction: First Nations, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Understanding the Issues
,2. Western and Indigenous Ways of Knowing
3. Cultural Competency, Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Safety
4. Historical Overview
PART II INDIGENOUS HEALTH AND THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
5. Understanding the Determinants of Health and Canada’s Native Population
6. Diabetes, Diet and Nutrition
7. Chronic and Infectious Diseases
8. Women’s and Children’s Health
9. Mental Health
10. Hybridisation of Healthcare and the Way Forward for Indigenous Health
Chapter 1 – Introduction: First Nations, Métis and Inuit in Canada:
Understanding the Issues
Test Questions
,1. Why did the Canadian government devolve power to Indigenous governments after the
Oka Crisis?
a. Federal politicians wanted to evade responsibility for Indigenous affairs.
b. It saved money by devolving costs onto other levels of government.
c. Because Canadian politicians wanted to demonstrate their support for Indigenous
selfgovernment.
d. Possibly all of the above.
2. The Oka Crisis led to increased
a. awareness of Indigenous issues in Canada among both Canadians and internationally.
b. police surveillance of reserves in Eastern Canada.
c. government repression of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
d. anti-Indigenous sentiment among the non-Indigenous population.
e. all of the above.
3. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act
a. Entrenched biculturalism in the Canadian constitution
b. Made assimilation part of Canada’s official cultural policy
c. Established the concept of the cultural mosaic as an official part of Canadian identity
d. Entrenched Indigenous culture as part of Canadian identity
e. Made acculturation part of Canada’s concept of the cultural mosaic
4. When did the Government of Canada commit itself to multiculturalism?
a. 1971
b. 1981
c. 1975
d. 1871
, 5. What are the implications of universal healthcare for the Canadian heath care system?
a. There are no implications
b. Everyone is treated for illness when they get sick
c. Tertiary care services are very important
d. If the health of a part of the population is allowed to suffer, the burden falls on everyone
6. The three founding nations of Canada are
a. French, English and Métis.
b. English, Scottish and the Indigenous peoples.
c. French, English and the Indigenous peoples.
d. French, English and American.
7. The Constitution Act of 1982 defined Indians as persons belonging to one of three groups
a. Métis, Inuit, First Nations.
b. Métis, Inuit, Status Indians.
c. Status, Non-Status, Treaty.
d. Status, Non-Status, Inuit.
8. The position of Indigenous peoples in Canada was entrenched in the constitution in
a. 1867.
b. 1982.
c. 1992.
d. 2016.
9. The range of individual and collective factors and conditions and their interactions that
have been shown to be correlated with health status reflects the recognition that
HEALTH AND HEALING 2ND ED
Vasiliki Douglas
CONTENTS
PART I INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND HEALTH
1. Introduction: First Nations, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Understanding the Issues
,2. Western and Indigenous Ways of Knowing
3. Cultural Competency, Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Safety
4. Historical Overview
PART II INDIGENOUS HEALTH AND THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
5. Understanding the Determinants of Health and Canada’s Native Population
6. Diabetes, Diet and Nutrition
7. Chronic and Infectious Diseases
8. Women’s and Children’s Health
9. Mental Health
10. Hybridisation of Healthcare and the Way Forward for Indigenous Health
Chapter 1 – Introduction: First Nations, Métis and Inuit in Canada:
Understanding the Issues
Test Questions
,1. Why did the Canadian government devolve power to Indigenous governments after the
Oka Crisis?
a. Federal politicians wanted to evade responsibility for Indigenous affairs.
b. It saved money by devolving costs onto other levels of government.
c. Because Canadian politicians wanted to demonstrate their support for Indigenous
selfgovernment.
d. Possibly all of the above.
2. The Oka Crisis led to increased
a. awareness of Indigenous issues in Canada among both Canadians and internationally.
b. police surveillance of reserves in Eastern Canada.
c. government repression of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
d. anti-Indigenous sentiment among the non-Indigenous population.
e. all of the above.
3. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act
a. Entrenched biculturalism in the Canadian constitution
b. Made assimilation part of Canada’s official cultural policy
c. Established the concept of the cultural mosaic as an official part of Canadian identity
d. Entrenched Indigenous culture as part of Canadian identity
e. Made acculturation part of Canada’s concept of the cultural mosaic
4. When did the Government of Canada commit itself to multiculturalism?
a. 1971
b. 1981
c. 1975
d. 1871
, 5. What are the implications of universal healthcare for the Canadian heath care system?
a. There are no implications
b. Everyone is treated for illness when they get sick
c. Tertiary care services are very important
d. If the health of a part of the population is allowed to suffer, the burden falls on everyone
6. The three founding nations of Canada are
a. French, English and Métis.
b. English, Scottish and the Indigenous peoples.
c. French, English and the Indigenous peoples.
d. French, English and American.
7. The Constitution Act of 1982 defined Indians as persons belonging to one of three groups
a. Métis, Inuit, First Nations.
b. Métis, Inuit, Status Indians.
c. Status, Non-Status, Treaty.
d. Status, Non-Status, Inuit.
8. The position of Indigenous peoples in Canada was entrenched in the constitution in
a. 1867.
b. 1982.
c. 1992.
d. 2016.
9. The range of individual and collective factors and conditions and their interactions that
have been shown to be correlated with health status reflects the recognition that
