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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
rx rx rx rx rx
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
rx rx rx
MULTIPLE CHOICE r x
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, m
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
alaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have be
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
en prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. a sore throat. rx rx
b. streptococcal infection. rx
c. genetic susceptibility. rx
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B r x
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat i
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
s the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical m
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
anifestation of the disease process. rx rx rx rx
2. A 17-year-old college-
rx rx
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an e
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
xample of rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: A r x
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention i
r x r x r x r x r x r x rx r x r x rx r x
s the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xrehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective fun
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ctioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed
r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x
.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
rx rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: B r x
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such a
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
s prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xprevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susce
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempt
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
s to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves manage
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ment of the disease once it has developed.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
intake. This is an example of rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: B r x
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is preven
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
tion of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Terti
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability a
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
nd restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease
r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r
xonce it has developed. r x rx rx
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lowering medication. This is an example of r x rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: C r x
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disabi
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lity and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xmanagement of the disease once it has developed. rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B r x
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the firs
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
t appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the inc
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms in
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
dicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anore
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
xia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x rx
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of reco
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
very after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
7. A rx disease that is native to a particular region is called
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B r x
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geo
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
graphic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease dist
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ribution pattern. rx
8. In rx general, with aging, organ size and function
rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. rx rx
d. are unknown. rx
ANS: B r x
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
established, is referred to as rx rx rx rx
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B r x
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injur
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or pro
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
drome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
MULTIPLE RESPONSE r x
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
(Select all that apply.) rx rx rx
a. gender difference. rx
b. situational factors. rx
c. normal variation. rx
d. cultural variation. rx
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E r x rx rx rx
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood c
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
r x r x rx r x r x r x r x r x r x r x
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. rx
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
rx rx rx rx rx
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
rx rx rx
MULTIPLE CHOICE r x
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, m
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
alaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have be
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
en prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. a sore throat. rx rx
b. streptococcal infection. rx
c. genetic susceptibility. rx
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B r x
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat i
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
s the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical m
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
anifestation of the disease process. rx rx rx rx
2. A 17-year-old college-
rx rx
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an e
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
xample of rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: A r x
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention i
r x r x r x r x r x r x rx r x r x rx r x
s the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xrehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective fun
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ctioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed
r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x
.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
rx rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: B r x
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such a
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
s prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xprevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susce
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempt
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
s to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves manage
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ment of the disease once it has developed.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
intake. This is an example of rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: B r x
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is preven
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
tion of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Terti
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability a
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
nd restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease
r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r x r
xonce it has developed. r x rx rx
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lowering medication. This is an example of r x rx rx rx rx rx
a. primary prevention. rx
b. secondary prevention. rx
c. tertiary prevention. rx
d. disease treatment. rx
ANS: C r x
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disabi
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lity and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
rx rx r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xmanagement of the disease once it has developed. rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B r x
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the firs
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
t appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the inc
r x rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms in
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
dicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anore
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
xia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x rx
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of reco
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
very after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
7. A rx disease that is native to a particular region is called
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B r x
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r
xspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geo
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
graphic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease dist
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ribution pattern. rx
8. In rx general, with aging, organ size and function
rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. rx rx
d. are unknown. rx
ANS: B r x
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
established, is referred to as rx rx rx rx
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B r x
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injur
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx r x
ious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or pro
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
drome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
MULTIPLE RESPONSE r x
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
(Select all that apply.) rx rx rx
a. gender difference. rx
b. situational factors. rx
c. normal variation. rx
d. cultural variation. rx
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E r x rx rx rx
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood c
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
ell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
r x r x rx r x r x r x r x r x r x r x
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx rx
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. rx
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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