Exam (elaborations)
SOCI 1002 COMPLETE LATEST ACTUAL EXAM SET WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
- Course
- SOCI 1002
- Institution
- Carleton University (CU )
SOCI 1002 COMPLETE LATEST ACTUAL EXAM SET WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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SOCI 1002 COMPLETE LATEST ACTUALEXAM SET WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Biological Determinism - correct answer-✅any theoretical explanation of human behaviour that focuses
on the biological or genetic basis for that behaviour.
Change Theories - correct answer-✅theories that critique the current distribution of power and focus
on how societies change. They are generally linked to a Marxist analysis.
Dialectics - correct answer-✅a philosophical approach to the world that emphasizes the constancy of
change and the interrelationship of elements. A concept first developed in ancient Greece, it was
advanced as a tool for modern social analysis by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Distal Relations of Power - correct answer-✅relations of power that exist in society as a whole rather
than within personal social relationships. This is a term used to describe the power wielded by
governments or corporations that affect both individuals or groups. The opposite of proximal relations of
power.
Functionalism - correct answer-✅also referred to as structural functionalism. A sociological framework
that sees society as similar to an organism, with a number of interrelated and necessary elements. Each
element, or structure, is seen as having an equally important function for the maintenance of a
particular society.
Macrosociology - correct answer-✅the branch of sociology that primarily examines societies as a whole,
with analysis focusing on large-scale and long-term social processes.
Microsociology - correct answer-✅the branch of sociology that examines primarily individual and small-
group behaviour, with analysis focusing on individual perceptions and communications.
Norms - correct answer-✅the expected patterns of behaviour.
Order Theories - correct answer-✅theories that ultimately support the current arrangements of power
within a society.
Power - correct answer-✅the ability of an individual or a group to carry out its will even when opposed
by others. Power is largely a result of the control one has over the resources of a society, including its
'human resources.'
Proximal Relations of Power - correct answer-✅relations of power that exists between individuals
within social groups - for example, the power a parent has over a child in the family. The opposite of
distal relations of power.
Society - correct answer-✅a group of people within a limited territory who share a common set of
behaviours, beliefs, values, material objects (together referred to as culture), and social institutions, all
existing together as a coherent system.
Sociocultural System - correct answer-✅a term commonly used by anthropologists, it embodies the
same meaning as society.
Sociological Imagination - correct answer-✅the ability to go beyond the personal issues that all humans
experience and connect them to broader social structures. Put differently, the sociological imagination is
the ability to link distal relations of power to our immediate life situations.
Status - correct answer-✅a position within the social structure; statuses are usually ranked in relation to
each other. Status can also be used to mean honour or prestige.
Bipedalism - correct answer-✅the ability to stand upright on two feet.
Division of Labour - correct answer-✅the assigning of tasks to particular individuals or groups of people.
All societies have minimally had a division of labour by sex and by age.
, Eugenics - correct answer-✅first developed by Francis Galton, a theory and later a social movement
that believed in the improvement of the human species through selective mating. Eugenics theories
were used to sterilize thousands of individuals considered 'feebleminded' and became the basis for the
mass exterminations undertaken by the Nazi regime.
Exogamy - correct answer-✅rules or social preference for marriage outside the immediate group.
Incest Taboo - correct answer-✅a societal rule that forbids sexual relations between those defined as
kin, or family.
Instinct - correct answer-✅an inborn complex pattern of behaviour that must exist in every member of
a species and, because it is embedded in the genetic code, cannot be overcome by force of will.
Social Darwinism - correct answer-✅any theoretical approach arguing that social inequality is based on
biological differences and is simply the working out of the laws of nature. Often this refers specifically to
a group of theories justifying social inequality that came out of the United States in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries.
Symbol - correct answer-✅any object or act that has a socially shared meaning. It is anything that
stands for or represents something else.
Class Conflict - correct answer-✅also referred to as class struggle, it is a structural conflict between the
owning and producing classes in all class-based societies.
Culture - correct answer-✅the complete way of life shared by a people, including both the material and
non-material elements.
Ethnocentrism - correct answer-✅the tendency of people to see the world in terms of their own
culture, and to evaluate their group or culture favourably in relation to others.
Gender Division of Labour - correct answer-✅assigning different tasks in a society to men and women.
Means of Production - correct answer-✅the various items that humans use in order to produce what
the need. These include tools, natural resources, the land on which production occurs, and the building
(if any) where production takes place.
Mode of Production - correct answer-✅the economic underpinning of a society, it is composed of the
forces of production and the relations of production.
Neolithic Revolution - correct answer-✅the historical technological transformation beginning about
10,000 years ago that led to the growth of agrarian societies.
Proletariat - correct answer-✅the class in capitalist societies that does not own any means of
production. As a result, members of this class must sell their labour power for a wage in order to survive.
Relations of Production - correct answer-✅the type of relations that occur between humans in the
process of production and are the result of their relationship (ownership or non-ownership) to the
means of production.
Social Class - correct answer-✅a group of people with a common relation to the means of production.
Where private appropriation of surplus occurs, there must always be a minimum of two classes: a
superior class that, through ownership or control of the means of production, appropriates the surplus;
and a subordinate class that produces the surplus.
Socialization - correct answer-✅an ongoing process by which individuals learn a society's cultural
components and social expectations.
Socioeconomic Formation - correct answer-✅in Marxist terminology, a society with a specific mode of
production. Marxists sometimes refer to the mode of production as a society's base, and the other
components - ideological, political, and social - as its super-structure.
Anarchy of Production - correct answer-✅in Marxist terminology, an inevitable consequence of
capitalist production with each individual productive unit making production decisions on the basis of
maximizing profit. For this reason, production cannot be planned, which leads inevitably to the crisis of
overproduction.
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