1
NR
NR283/ NR 283 EXAM 1: (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW| QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS)- CHAMBERLAIN
Bradykinin - ANS ✓activation of plasma proteins, vasodilation and increase
capillary permeability, pain, fever
Complement System - ANS ✓activation of plasma protein cascade, vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, increase histamine
Chemotactic factors - ANS ✓mast cell granules, attract neutrophils to site
Antigens - ANS ✓Foreign material that invades the body that stimulates an
immune response
Antibodies - ANS ✓specific proteins produced in humoral response to bind with
an antigen. Produced by B lymphocytes.
I Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓hay fever; anaphalaxis - IgE - mast cells release
histamine - inflammation and pruritis
NR283
, 2
NR
II Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓"Ant - Body" IgG and IgM, cytotoxicity, ABO blood
transfusions danger
III Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓Immune Complex Clumps in blood vessel walls,
causes complement cascades and neutrophil degranulation, causes inflammation
and tissue damage. ex: lupus
IV Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓cell mediated, regulated by T-cells, delayed, 24
hours before a response, poison ivy
IgG - ANS ✓most common in blood, creates passive immunity in newborn
IgM - ANS ✓bound to B-lymphocytes, the to increase immune response
IgE - ANS ✓binds to mast cells, causes release of histamine
innate immunity - ANS ✓related to ethnicity, 2 step response system, primary
and secondary. Ex: T-lymphocytes, memory cells, or T-cells.
Passive Immunity - ANS ✓when antibodies are passed from one person to
another
NR283
, 3
NR
Passive Natural Immunity - ANS ✓IgG from mom to fetus
Passive Artificial Immunity - ANS ✓injection of antibodies from a person or
animal ex: breast milk, admin of antiserum
Active Immunity - ANS ✓develops when the persons own body develops
antibodies or T cells in response to a specific antigen
Active Natural Immunity - ANS ✓direct exposure to antigen - infection and
develops antibodies
Active Artificial Immunity - ANS ✓when a specific antigen is purposefully
introduced into the body. ex: infection, vaccines
Immunodeficiency - ANS ✓results in compromised or lack of immune response.
increased risk of infection and cancer. ex: AIDS/HIV
Autoimmune disorder - ANS ✓immune system cannot distinguish between self
and non self antigens ex: hashimotos thyroiditis
Genotype - ANS ✓genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - ANS ✓expression of traits, effect
NR283
, 4
NR
Heterozygous - ANS ✓An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (Aa)
Homozygous - ANS ✓An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (AA)
multifactoral inheritance - ANS ✓an interaction between genes and the
environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait ex: cleft palate and cancer
congenital defect - ANS ✓a problem that is present (though not necessarily
apparent) at birth
Meiosis - ANS ✓Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms (each sperm/ovum receives 23 chromosome)
Mitosis - ANS ✓cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes
Down Syndrome - ANS ✓a condition of intellectual disability and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Increased risk
with maternal age. autosomal recessive
Huntingtons Disease - ANS ✓A human genetic disease caused by a dominant
allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the
NR283
NR
NR283/ NR 283 EXAM 1: (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW| QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS)- CHAMBERLAIN
Bradykinin - ANS ✓activation of plasma proteins, vasodilation and increase
capillary permeability, pain, fever
Complement System - ANS ✓activation of plasma protein cascade, vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, increase histamine
Chemotactic factors - ANS ✓mast cell granules, attract neutrophils to site
Antigens - ANS ✓Foreign material that invades the body that stimulates an
immune response
Antibodies - ANS ✓specific proteins produced in humoral response to bind with
an antigen. Produced by B lymphocytes.
I Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓hay fever; anaphalaxis - IgE - mast cells release
histamine - inflammation and pruritis
NR283
, 2
NR
II Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓"Ant - Body" IgG and IgM, cytotoxicity, ABO blood
transfusions danger
III Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓Immune Complex Clumps in blood vessel walls,
causes complement cascades and neutrophil degranulation, causes inflammation
and tissue damage. ex: lupus
IV Hypersensitivity - ANS ✓cell mediated, regulated by T-cells, delayed, 24
hours before a response, poison ivy
IgG - ANS ✓most common in blood, creates passive immunity in newborn
IgM - ANS ✓bound to B-lymphocytes, the to increase immune response
IgE - ANS ✓binds to mast cells, causes release of histamine
innate immunity - ANS ✓related to ethnicity, 2 step response system, primary
and secondary. Ex: T-lymphocytes, memory cells, or T-cells.
Passive Immunity - ANS ✓when antibodies are passed from one person to
another
NR283
, 3
NR
Passive Natural Immunity - ANS ✓IgG from mom to fetus
Passive Artificial Immunity - ANS ✓injection of antibodies from a person or
animal ex: breast milk, admin of antiserum
Active Immunity - ANS ✓develops when the persons own body develops
antibodies or T cells in response to a specific antigen
Active Natural Immunity - ANS ✓direct exposure to antigen - infection and
develops antibodies
Active Artificial Immunity - ANS ✓when a specific antigen is purposefully
introduced into the body. ex: infection, vaccines
Immunodeficiency - ANS ✓results in compromised or lack of immune response.
increased risk of infection and cancer. ex: AIDS/HIV
Autoimmune disorder - ANS ✓immune system cannot distinguish between self
and non self antigens ex: hashimotos thyroiditis
Genotype - ANS ✓genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - ANS ✓expression of traits, effect
NR283
, 4
NR
Heterozygous - ANS ✓An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (Aa)
Homozygous - ANS ✓An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (AA)
multifactoral inheritance - ANS ✓an interaction between genes and the
environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait ex: cleft palate and cancer
congenital defect - ANS ✓a problem that is present (though not necessarily
apparent) at birth
Meiosis - ANS ✓Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms (each sperm/ovum receives 23 chromosome)
Mitosis - ANS ✓cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes
Down Syndrome - ANS ✓a condition of intellectual disability and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Increased risk
with maternal age. autosomal recessive
Huntingtons Disease - ANS ✓A human genetic disease caused by a dominant
allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the
NR283
