Joen Iannucci, Laura Howerton Table of Contents PART I. Radiation Basics
1. Radiation History 2. Radiation Physics 3. Radiation Characteristics 4.
Radiation Biology 5. Radiation Prot
Radiation - (answer)a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
X-ray - (answer)a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows
on a receptor.
X-radiation - (answer)a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
metal target in an x-ray tube.
Radiology - (answer)a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
Radiograph - (answer)a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
Radiography - (answer)the art and science of making dental images by the exposure of a receptor to x-
rays.
Importance of dental images - (answer)Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the
use of dental images.
Wilhelm Roentgen - (answer)discovered the x-ray on November 8, 1895.
Edmund Kells - (answer)exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person.
Current fast radiographic film - (answer)requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times
used in 1920.
F. Gordon Fitzgerald - (answer)modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone
technique.
, Digital imaging advantage - (answer)Increased speed for viewing images.
Patient exposure with digital imaging - (answer)is reduced with digital imaging.
Digital sensors - (answer)are more sensitive to x-rays than film.
Chemical processing in digital imaging - (answer)is not needed as the image is uploaded directly to the
computer and monitor.
C. Edmund Kells - (answer)introduced the paralleling technique in 1896.
Franklin W. McCormack - (answer)reintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920.
Howard Riley Raper - (answer)modified the bisecting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique
in 1925.
Otto Walkoff - (answer)was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph.
Cathode rays - (answer)were discovered as streams of charged particles.
Beta particles - (answer)are a type of radiation that was discovered prior to x-rays.
Alpha particles - (answer)are another type of radiation that was discovered prior to x-rays.
Heinrich Geissler - (answer)built the first vacuum tube in 1838.
Johann Hittorf - (answer)observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from the negative electrode of a
vacuum tube traveled in straight lines.