Test bank For Clinical Chemistry-
Chapter 1: Basic Principles and
Practices 9th Edition by Bishop Fody
Questions & Answers with rationales
Unit - ANSDefines the physical quantity or dimension, such as mass, length, time, or volume
Système International d'Unités (SI) - ANSPreffered in scientific literature and clinical laboratories
and is the only system employed in many countries.
1960 - ANSWhen was Système International d'Unités adopted internationally?
Système International d'Unités (Si) - ANSThis was devised to provide the global scientific
community with a uniform method of describing physical quantities.
Length (m); mass (kg); time (s); electric current (A); amount of substance (mol); thermodynamic
temperature (K); luminous intensity (cd) - ANSWhat are the seven basic units?
Length (m); mass (kg); amount of substance (mol) - ANSWhat are the three (3) most frequently
encountered basic units?
Derived unit - ANSA derivative or a mathematical function describing one of the basic units.
meters per second (m/s) - ANSSI- derived unit for velocity
Standard prefixes - ANSThis indicate decimal functions or multiples of that unit when added to a
given basic unit.
Frequency (Hz); force (N); Celsius temperature (degree*c); calatytic activity (kat) - ANS(4)
Selected derived units
minute (min); hour (h); day (d); Liter [volume] (L); Angstrom (Å) - ANS(5) Selected accepted
non-SI units
10^-18 - ANSAtto
10^-15 - ANSFemto
,10^-12 - ANSPico
10^-9 - ANSNano
10^-6 - ANSMicro
10^-3 - ANSMilli
10^-2 - ANSCenti
10^-1 - ANSDeci
10^1 - ANSDeka
10^2 - ANSHecto
10^3 - ANSKilo
10^6 - ANSMega
10^9 - ANSGiga
10^12 - ANSTera
10^15 - ANSPeta
10^18 - ANSExa
Move to the left - ANSConversion to larger unit: smaller to larger
Move to the right - ANSConversion to a smaller unit: larger to smaller
Substance concentration (eg. moles) or the mass of the substance (eg., mg/dL, g/dL, g/L,
mmol/L, and IU) - ANSReporting of laboratory results is often experessed in terms of
________________ or _________________
Analytes - ANSIt has been recommended to be reported using moles of solute per volume of
solution (substance concentration) and that the liter be used as the reference volume.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ANSThis group develops standards of
practice, definitions, and guidelines that can be adopted by everyone in a given field, providing
for more uniform terminology and less confusion
International Organization for Standardization - ANSWhat does ISO stand for?
, Reagents - ANSMost instrument manufacturers make this in ready-to-use form or in a "kit" form
requiring only the addition of "water or buffer" to the prepackaged components for reconstitution.
Analytic reagent (AR); ultrapure, chemically pure (CP); United States Pharmacopeia (USP);
National Formulary (NF); and technical or commercial grade - ANS(5) Analytic chemicals grades
of purity
American Chemical Society (ACS) - ANSEstablished specifications for AR grade chemicals, and
chemical manufacturers will either meet or exceed these requirements.
Labels on reagents - ANSStates the actual impurities for each chemical lot or lost of maximum
allowable impurities.
AR or ACS or For laboratory use or ACS Standard-Grade Reference Method - ANSWhat are the
initials or terms that should be clearly printed as labels alongside with the percentage of
impurities present?
Ultrapure chemicals - ANSThis have been put through additional purification steps for use in
specific procedures such as chromatography, atomic absorption, immunoassays, molecular
diagnostics, standardization, or other techniques that require extremely pure chemicals.
Ultrapure chemicals - ANSThese reagents may carry designations of HPLC (high-performance
liquid chromatography) or chromatographic.
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) & National Formulary (NF) - ANSThese are used to
manufacture drugs, the limitations established for this group of chemicals are based only on the
criterion of not being injurious to individuals.
Reagent designations of chemically pure (CP) or pure grade - ANSThese indicate that the
impurity limitations are not stated and that preparation of these chemicals are not uniform
Reagent designations of chemically pure (CP) or pure grade - ANSMelting point analysis is
often used to ascertain the acceptable purity range.
Technical or Commercial Grade Reagents - ANSThese are used primarily in manufacturing and
should never be used in the clinical laboratory
Organic reagents - ANSThese also have varying grades of purity that differ from those used to
classify inorganic reagents.
Chemically Pure (CP) - ANSThese approaches the purity level of reagent grade chemicals
Chapter 1: Basic Principles and
Practices 9th Edition by Bishop Fody
Questions & Answers with rationales
Unit - ANSDefines the physical quantity or dimension, such as mass, length, time, or volume
Système International d'Unités (SI) - ANSPreffered in scientific literature and clinical laboratories
and is the only system employed in many countries.
1960 - ANSWhen was Système International d'Unités adopted internationally?
Système International d'Unités (Si) - ANSThis was devised to provide the global scientific
community with a uniform method of describing physical quantities.
Length (m); mass (kg); time (s); electric current (A); amount of substance (mol); thermodynamic
temperature (K); luminous intensity (cd) - ANSWhat are the seven basic units?
Length (m); mass (kg); amount of substance (mol) - ANSWhat are the three (3) most frequently
encountered basic units?
Derived unit - ANSA derivative or a mathematical function describing one of the basic units.
meters per second (m/s) - ANSSI- derived unit for velocity
Standard prefixes - ANSThis indicate decimal functions or multiples of that unit when added to a
given basic unit.
Frequency (Hz); force (N); Celsius temperature (degree*c); calatytic activity (kat) - ANS(4)
Selected derived units
minute (min); hour (h); day (d); Liter [volume] (L); Angstrom (Å) - ANS(5) Selected accepted
non-SI units
10^-18 - ANSAtto
10^-15 - ANSFemto
,10^-12 - ANSPico
10^-9 - ANSNano
10^-6 - ANSMicro
10^-3 - ANSMilli
10^-2 - ANSCenti
10^-1 - ANSDeci
10^1 - ANSDeka
10^2 - ANSHecto
10^3 - ANSKilo
10^6 - ANSMega
10^9 - ANSGiga
10^12 - ANSTera
10^15 - ANSPeta
10^18 - ANSExa
Move to the left - ANSConversion to larger unit: smaller to larger
Move to the right - ANSConversion to a smaller unit: larger to smaller
Substance concentration (eg. moles) or the mass of the substance (eg., mg/dL, g/dL, g/L,
mmol/L, and IU) - ANSReporting of laboratory results is often experessed in terms of
________________ or _________________
Analytes - ANSIt has been recommended to be reported using moles of solute per volume of
solution (substance concentration) and that the liter be used as the reference volume.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ANSThis group develops standards of
practice, definitions, and guidelines that can be adopted by everyone in a given field, providing
for more uniform terminology and less confusion
International Organization for Standardization - ANSWhat does ISO stand for?
, Reagents - ANSMost instrument manufacturers make this in ready-to-use form or in a "kit" form
requiring only the addition of "water or buffer" to the prepackaged components for reconstitution.
Analytic reagent (AR); ultrapure, chemically pure (CP); United States Pharmacopeia (USP);
National Formulary (NF); and technical or commercial grade - ANS(5) Analytic chemicals grades
of purity
American Chemical Society (ACS) - ANSEstablished specifications for AR grade chemicals, and
chemical manufacturers will either meet or exceed these requirements.
Labels on reagents - ANSStates the actual impurities for each chemical lot or lost of maximum
allowable impurities.
AR or ACS or For laboratory use or ACS Standard-Grade Reference Method - ANSWhat are the
initials or terms that should be clearly printed as labels alongside with the percentage of
impurities present?
Ultrapure chemicals - ANSThis have been put through additional purification steps for use in
specific procedures such as chromatography, atomic absorption, immunoassays, molecular
diagnostics, standardization, or other techniques that require extremely pure chemicals.
Ultrapure chemicals - ANSThese reagents may carry designations of HPLC (high-performance
liquid chromatography) or chromatographic.
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) & National Formulary (NF) - ANSThese are used to
manufacture drugs, the limitations established for this group of chemicals are based only on the
criterion of not being injurious to individuals.
Reagent designations of chemically pure (CP) or pure grade - ANSThese indicate that the
impurity limitations are not stated and that preparation of these chemicals are not uniform
Reagent designations of chemically pure (CP) or pure grade - ANSMelting point analysis is
often used to ascertain the acceptable purity range.
Technical or Commercial Grade Reagents - ANSThese are used primarily in manufacturing and
should never be used in the clinical laboratory
Organic reagents - ANSThese also have varying grades of purity that differ from those used to
classify inorganic reagents.
Chemically Pure (CP) - ANSThese approaches the purity level of reagent grade chemicals
