Grade 10 Chemistry Notes
Law of Conservation of Mass: In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always
the same as the total mass of reactants.
Ions: atom or molecule that has a charge
Positive ions (cation) – loses electrons
Negative ions (anion) – gains electrons
Ionic Compounds
Metal + nonmetal
Transfer of electrons (metal loses electrons, nonmetal gains electrons)
Positive ion + negative ion
Naming:
Name of metal + name of nonmetal “-ide”
Covalent Compounds:
Nonmetal + nonmetal
o Shares electrons between atoms
Naming:
Name the first with a prefix for the number
Name the second element (ending in -ide) with a prefix
Number Prefix
1 Mono-
2 Di-
3 Tri-
4 Tetra-
5 Penta-
6 Hexa-
7 Hepta-
8 Octa-
9 Nona-
, 10 Deca-
Balanced Equations:
Three ways to write it: word equation, skeleton equation, balanced equation.
Balance according to the Law of Conservation of Mass
Type of Reaction Background Information Additional Information
Synthesis 2 or more reactants react to form 1
compound.
Decomposition Compound breaks down into 2 or more
products.
Single Displacement An element reacts with a compound
replacing another element in that
compound.
Double Displacement 2 compounds exchange ions to make 2
new compounds.
Combustion When things burn in a reaction. The reaction will always result in
water + hydrogen in a complete
combustion reaction. There can be
complete or incomplete
combustion
Diatomic Elements: H, N, F, O, I, Cl, Br
Acids:
Definition: Any solution that produces H+ ions and has a pH less than 7
Properties of Acids
taste sour
Feel Stinging feeling
Reaction to metals Hydrogen gas is produced
Reaction to carbonates Produces carbon dioxide and generates heat
Binary Acid: 2 elements (Hydrogen + another anion)
Oxoacid: Oxygen, Hydrogen + another element.
Bases:
Definition: Produced OH- (hydroxide atoms) A pH greater than 7.
Taste Bitter
Feel Slipper or soapy
Reaction to metals Do not react with metals
Law of Conservation of Mass: In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always
the same as the total mass of reactants.
Ions: atom or molecule that has a charge
Positive ions (cation) – loses electrons
Negative ions (anion) – gains electrons
Ionic Compounds
Metal + nonmetal
Transfer of electrons (metal loses electrons, nonmetal gains electrons)
Positive ion + negative ion
Naming:
Name of metal + name of nonmetal “-ide”
Covalent Compounds:
Nonmetal + nonmetal
o Shares electrons between atoms
Naming:
Name the first with a prefix for the number
Name the second element (ending in -ide) with a prefix
Number Prefix
1 Mono-
2 Di-
3 Tri-
4 Tetra-
5 Penta-
6 Hexa-
7 Hepta-
8 Octa-
9 Nona-
, 10 Deca-
Balanced Equations:
Three ways to write it: word equation, skeleton equation, balanced equation.
Balance according to the Law of Conservation of Mass
Type of Reaction Background Information Additional Information
Synthesis 2 or more reactants react to form 1
compound.
Decomposition Compound breaks down into 2 or more
products.
Single Displacement An element reacts with a compound
replacing another element in that
compound.
Double Displacement 2 compounds exchange ions to make 2
new compounds.
Combustion When things burn in a reaction. The reaction will always result in
water + hydrogen in a complete
combustion reaction. There can be
complete or incomplete
combustion
Diatomic Elements: H, N, F, O, I, Cl, Br
Acids:
Definition: Any solution that produces H+ ions and has a pH less than 7
Properties of Acids
taste sour
Feel Stinging feeling
Reaction to metals Hydrogen gas is produced
Reaction to carbonates Produces carbon dioxide and generates heat
Binary Acid: 2 elements (Hydrogen + another anion)
Oxoacid: Oxygen, Hydrogen + another element.
Bases:
Definition: Produced OH- (hydroxide atoms) A pH greater than 7.
Taste Bitter
Feel Slipper or soapy
Reaction to metals Do not react with metals
