Valvular Heart Disease S/S
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Many asymptomatic
Triad: Syncope, angina, dyspnea
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Causes of Resistant Hypertension
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, Improper BP measurement
Excess sodium intake
Inadequate diuretic therapy
Medication
Inadequate doses
Drug actions and interactions (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), illicit drugs, sympathomimetics, oral contraceptives)
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal supplements
Excess alcohol intake
Underlying identifiable causes of hypertension (secondary hypertension)
Valvular Heart Disease etiology
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Age-related degenerative calcifications
Myxomatous degeneration
Papillary muscle dysfunction
Infective endocarditis
Rheumatic disease
Beta Blockers
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Decreases vasomotor activity, CO stops renin and norepinephrine release.
(end "olol")
no longer recommended first line for uncomplicated hypertension, but
consider in patients with heart failure, first 2-3 years post MI (to prevent
remodeling), ischemic heart disease, and migraine headaches
,Hyperlipidemia classification
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Ruptured AAA - Most common 3 symptoms:
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Hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, and abdominal pain or back pain,
other Sxs: pain in the legs, chest or groin, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or
dyspnea
Tips For Assessment of Murmurs
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First- Recognize where in cardiac cycle the murmur is heard (systolic or
diastolic )
Second- Where do you hear it loudest? (location is important)
Third: Are there any connected findings?
For example: cyanosis, palpation, shortness of breath, chest pain
thrill, does murmur with position or respiration
, Tachyarrhythmia: Narrow Complex)
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Sinus Tachycardia: HR > 100, rhythm is normal. PQRST ALL NORMAL
Etiology: underlying cause ( such as fever, caffeine, anemia, anxiety, etc)
Treatment: correct underlying cause
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: quick rate (HR>140), but still
regular rhythm
Heart Murmur risk factors
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Valvular disease
Age
Pregnancy
Congenital heart disease
Fever
Hypertension, anemia, and thyroid disease
Hyperlipidemia treatment
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Give this one a try later!
Many asymptomatic
Triad: Syncope, angina, dyspnea
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Causes of Resistant Hypertension
Give this one a try later!
, Improper BP measurement
Excess sodium intake
Inadequate diuretic therapy
Medication
Inadequate doses
Drug actions and interactions (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), illicit drugs, sympathomimetics, oral contraceptives)
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal supplements
Excess alcohol intake
Underlying identifiable causes of hypertension (secondary hypertension)
Valvular Heart Disease etiology
Give this one a try later!
Age-related degenerative calcifications
Myxomatous degeneration
Papillary muscle dysfunction
Infective endocarditis
Rheumatic disease
Beta Blockers
Give this one a try later!
Decreases vasomotor activity, CO stops renin and norepinephrine release.
(end "olol")
no longer recommended first line for uncomplicated hypertension, but
consider in patients with heart failure, first 2-3 years post MI (to prevent
remodeling), ischemic heart disease, and migraine headaches
,Hyperlipidemia classification
Give this one a try later!
Ruptured AAA - Most common 3 symptoms:
Give this one a try later!
Hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, and abdominal pain or back pain,
other Sxs: pain in the legs, chest or groin, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or
dyspnea
Tips For Assessment of Murmurs
Give this one a try later!
First- Recognize where in cardiac cycle the murmur is heard (systolic or
diastolic )
Second- Where do you hear it loudest? (location is important)
Third: Are there any connected findings?
For example: cyanosis, palpation, shortness of breath, chest pain
thrill, does murmur with position or respiration
, Tachyarrhythmia: Narrow Complex)
Give this one a try later!
Sinus Tachycardia: HR > 100, rhythm is normal. PQRST ALL NORMAL
Etiology: underlying cause ( such as fever, caffeine, anemia, anxiety, etc)
Treatment: correct underlying cause
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: quick rate (HR>140), but still
regular rhythm
Heart Murmur risk factors
Give this one a try later!
Valvular disease
Age
Pregnancy
Congenital heart disease
Fever
Hypertension, anemia, and thyroid disease
Hyperlipidemia treatment
Give this one a try later!
