,Chapter 01: Radiation History
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Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Radiation is defined as zl zl zl
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
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b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record im
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age shadows on a receptor. zl zl zl zl
c. A high- zl
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-
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ray tube. zl
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
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ANSWER: A zl
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
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ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows on a
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receptor.
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X-radiation is a high- zl zl zl
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an x-
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ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic san
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d radiobiology
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2. A radiograph is defined as
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a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
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mage shadows on a receptor. zl zl zl zl
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
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c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image rec
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epto r tox-rays. zl zl
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
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ANSWER:B zl
An x- zl
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows
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on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
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rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images
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by the exposure of a receptor to x-
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rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 zl
OBJ: 1TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic san
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d radiobiology
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3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is th
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ecorrect response? zl
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se en
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clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
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, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
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d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den ta
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
limages.
ANSWER: D z l
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Many
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dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a nec
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essary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typicall y discove
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red only through the use of dental images.
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DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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4. The x-ray was discovered by
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a. Heinrich Geissler zl
b. Wilhelm Roentgen zl
c. Johann Hittorf zl
d. William Crookes zl
ANSWER: B z l
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl z l
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from th
zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl
e negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted in a gr
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
eenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays were str
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
eams of charged particles. zl zl zl
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
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a. Otto Walkoff zl
b. Wilhelm Roentgen zl
c. Edmund Kells zl
d. Weston Price zl
ANSWER:C C z l
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en was
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a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
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ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers on
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. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904. zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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6. Current fast radiographic film requires zl zl zl zl
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
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a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D z l
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti mesuse
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d in 1920.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 zl
OBJ: 6TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
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a. C. Edmund Kells zl zl
b. Franklin W. McCormack zl zl
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald zl zl
d. Howard Riley Raper zl zl
ANSWER: C z l
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r eintr
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oduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin gtechni
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que with the introduction of the long-
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cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi sect
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ing technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
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a. Increased patient radiation exposure zl zl zl
b. Increased patient comfort zl zl
c. Increased speed for viewing images zl zl zl zl
d. Increased chemical usage zl zl
ANSWER: C z l
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive to
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x-
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rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i mag
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
e from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the nee d for
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chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The ima ge from
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digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need f or che
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micalprocessing.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 zl
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di g
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ital radiography
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
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a. Beta particles zl
b. Alpha particles zl
c. Cathode rays zl
d. Radioactive materials zl
ANSWER: C z l
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Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
zl zl zl zl
MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Radiation is defined as zl zl zl
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
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b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record im
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
age shadows on a receptor. zl zl zl zl
c. A high- zl
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ray tube. zl
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
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ANSWER: A zl
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows on a
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receptor.
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X-radiation is a high- zl zl zl
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic san
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d radiobiology
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2. A radiograph is defined as
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a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
mage shadows on a receptor. zl zl zl zl
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image rec
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
epto r tox-rays. zl zl
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
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ANSWER:B zl
An x- zl
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl z
on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
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rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images
zl zl z l zl zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
by the exposure of a receptor to x-
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rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 zl
OBJ: 1TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic san
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
d radiobiology
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3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is th
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ecorrect response? zl
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se en
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clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
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, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
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d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den ta
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
limages.
ANSWER: D z l
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Many
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a nec
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
essary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typicall y discove
zl zl zl zl z l zl zl z l zl zl zl zl
red only through the use of dental images.
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DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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4. The x-ray was discovered by
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a. Heinrich Geissler zl
b. Wilhelm Roentgen zl
c. Johann Hittorf zl
d. William Crookes zl
ANSWER: B z l
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl z l
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from th
zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl zl zl
e negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted in a gr
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
eenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays were str
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
eams of charged particles. zl zl zl
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
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a. Otto Walkoff zl
b. Wilhelm Roentgen zl
c. Edmund Kells zl
d. Weston Price zl
ANSWER:C C z l
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en was
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z l zl
a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers on
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. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904. zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
6. Current fast radiographic film requires zl zl zl zl
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
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a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D z l
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti mesuse
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
d in 1920.
zl zl
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 zl
OBJ: 6TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
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a. C. Edmund Kells zl zl
b. Franklin W. McCormack zl zl
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald zl zl
d. Howard Riley Raper zl zl
ANSWER: C z l
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r eintr
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
oduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin gtechni
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
que with the introduction of the long-
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cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi sect
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ing technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 zl z l
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
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a. Increased patient radiation exposure zl zl zl
b. Increased patient comfort zl zl
c. Increased speed for viewing images zl zl zl zl
d. Increased chemical usage zl zl
ANSWER: C z l
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive to
z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z l z
x-
l
rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i mag
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
e from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the nee d for
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The ima ge from
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need f or che
z l zl zl zl zl zl z l z l zl z l zl zl z l zl zl
micalprocessing.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 zl
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di g
zl zl z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ital radiography
zl
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
z l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
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a. Beta particles zl
b. Alpha particles zl
c. Cathode rays zl
d. Radioactive materials zl
ANSWER: C z l
