BIOL 251 EXAM 2 PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS)
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
What is tissue? | |
A group of cells that work together to perform one or more specialized
| | | | | | | | | | | |
functions.
|
What does intracellular refer to?
| | | |
The internal environment of the cells, contained within the cellular
| | | | | | | | |
membrane.
|
What does extracellular refer to?
| | | |
The environment outside the cells, or outside the cellular membrane.
| | | | | | | | |
cells secrete to help regulate their extracellular material and fluids, which is
| | | | | | | | | | |
called the
| |
Extracellular matrix |
What is the extracellular matrix?
| | | |
A large network of proteins, molecules, and fluid that surrounds and gives
| | | | | | | | | | |
structure to cells.
| | |
What is the microscopic study of the structure of tissues and their surrounding
| | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular matrix called?
| | |
Histology
What do tissues combine to form? Organs
| | | | | |
What do organs work together to form?
| | | | | |
Organ systems |
four main types of tissue found in the body
| | | | | | | |
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
| | | | |
Epithelial tissue
| |
covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways/cavities, and can produce
| | | | | | |
glandular secretions
| |
,Connective tissue |
supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the body
| | | | | | | | | | | |
stores energy |
Muscle tissue
| |
contracts to enable movement | | |
Nervous tissue
| |
carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of
| | | | | | | | |
the body.
| |
True or false: Each type of tissue is unique in the types of cells in them and the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
type and amount of extracellular matrix present.
| | | | | | |
True
Tissues are distinguished by | | |
- cells that form them
| | | |
-type and amount of extracellular material ( EC matrix)
| | | | | | | |
What is one basic function of connective tissue?
| | | | | | | |
fills internal spaces
| |
What is one function of epithelial tissue? It
| | | | | | |
serves as a layer of protection.
| | | | | |
What does epithelial tissue form between internal and external environments?
| | | | | | | | |
Barriers.
What surfaces does epithelial tissue compose?
| | | | |
The surface of the body and lines hollow organs. How
| | | | | | | | |
does epithelial tissue decrease friction?
| | | | |
By providing lubrication of organs through lining cavities.
| | | | | | |
What is one way epithelial tissue manages materials in the body?
| | | | | | | | | |
Secretion of hormones, sweat, milk, and digestive enzymes.
| | | | | | | |
What process allows epithelial tissue to move materials from the lumen to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bloodstream?
|
,Absorption.
What is the function of epithelial tissue in excretion?
| | | | | | | |
| Removing materials and wastes from the body. | | | | | |
What does epithelial tissue allow to diffuse through its cells? Particles
| | | | | | | | | |
| like gases, liquids, or nutrients.
| | | |
How does epithelial tissue cleanse the body?
| | | | | |
By blocking dust, dirt, or particulate matter from openings. 5
| | | | | | | | |
| defining characteristics of epithelial tissue | | | |
exhibit polarity, causing unique surfaces | | | |
avascular tissue
| |
basal surface connects to basement membrane highly
| | | | | |
regenerative
|
specialized cell junctions | |
What does it mean for epithelial cells to exhibit polarity?
| | | | | | | | |
It means the cells have unique surfaces, each with specialized features: apical,
| | | | | | | | | | |
lateral, and basal.
| | |
What is the apical surface of epithelial cells?
| | | | | | |
It is the surface facing the external environment or inside of a lumen, allowing the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
cells to secrete or absorb materials.
| | | | | |
Do epithelial cells always have an apical surface?
| | | | | | |
No, in certain locations, such as in endocrine glands, epithelial cells lack an
| | | | | | | | | | | |
apical surface.
| |
What are microvilli? | |
Microvilli are finger-like extensions on the apical surface of most epithelial | | | | | | | | | |
cells that add extra surface area for secretions and absorption.
| | | | | | | | | |
What are cilia? | |
Cilia are longer cytoplasmic extensions with an internal structure that allows
| | | | | | | | | |
for their movement.
| | |
Where can ciliated epithelial cells be found? | | | | | |
They can be found in places such as the trachea and bronchi.
| | | | | | | | | | |
, What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
| | | | | | | | |
Cilia sweep trapped particles and mucus up toward the throat to be swallowed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and eliminated from the body.
| | | | |
What is a key characteristic of epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | |
Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it does not have a direct blood supply.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
How do nutrients and wastes move in epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | | |
Nutrients must enter and wastes must leave by diffusion or absorption from
| | | | | | | | | | |
underlying tissues.
| |
Do blood vessels cross the basement membrane of epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | | | |
No, blood vessels do not cross the basement membrane.
| | | | | | | | |
Is epithelial tissue innervated? Yes,
| | | |
epithelial tissue is innervated.
| | | |
What does the basal surface of epithelia connect to?
| | | | | | | |
The basement membrane.
| | |
What is another name for the basement membrane? Basal
| | | | | | | |
lamina.
|
What is the composition of the basement membrane? It
| | | | | | | |
is noncellular and protein-rich.
| | | |
What is the function of the basement membrane?
| | | | | | |
It allows for cells to anchor to it for support and separates epithelium from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
other tissue.
| |
Who produces the basement membrane?
| | | |
The basal surface of epithelial cells and connective tissue cells deep to it.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Epithelial tissue cells are always connected to one another because of
| | | | | | | | | | |
specialized cell junctions
| | |
What connects the lateral surfaces between adjoining cells?
| | | | | | |
Specialized intercellular connections with unique proteins.
| | | | | |
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS)
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
What is tissue? | |
A group of cells that work together to perform one or more specialized
| | | | | | | | | | | |
functions.
|
What does intracellular refer to?
| | | |
The internal environment of the cells, contained within the cellular
| | | | | | | | |
membrane.
|
What does extracellular refer to?
| | | |
The environment outside the cells, or outside the cellular membrane.
| | | | | | | | |
cells secrete to help regulate their extracellular material and fluids, which is
| | | | | | | | | | |
called the
| |
Extracellular matrix |
What is the extracellular matrix?
| | | |
A large network of proteins, molecules, and fluid that surrounds and gives
| | | | | | | | | | |
structure to cells.
| | |
What is the microscopic study of the structure of tissues and their surrounding
| | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular matrix called?
| | |
Histology
What do tissues combine to form? Organs
| | | | | |
What do organs work together to form?
| | | | | |
Organ systems |
four main types of tissue found in the body
| | | | | | | |
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
| | | | |
Epithelial tissue
| |
covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways/cavities, and can produce
| | | | | | |
glandular secretions
| |
,Connective tissue |
supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the body
| | | | | | | | | | | |
stores energy |
Muscle tissue
| |
contracts to enable movement | | |
Nervous tissue
| |
carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of
| | | | | | | | |
the body.
| |
True or false: Each type of tissue is unique in the types of cells in them and the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
type and amount of extracellular matrix present.
| | | | | | |
True
Tissues are distinguished by | | |
- cells that form them
| | | |
-type and amount of extracellular material ( EC matrix)
| | | | | | | |
What is one basic function of connective tissue?
| | | | | | | |
fills internal spaces
| |
What is one function of epithelial tissue? It
| | | | | | |
serves as a layer of protection.
| | | | | |
What does epithelial tissue form between internal and external environments?
| | | | | | | | |
Barriers.
What surfaces does epithelial tissue compose?
| | | | |
The surface of the body and lines hollow organs. How
| | | | | | | | |
does epithelial tissue decrease friction?
| | | | |
By providing lubrication of organs through lining cavities.
| | | | | | |
What is one way epithelial tissue manages materials in the body?
| | | | | | | | | |
Secretion of hormones, sweat, milk, and digestive enzymes.
| | | | | | | |
What process allows epithelial tissue to move materials from the lumen to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bloodstream?
|
,Absorption.
What is the function of epithelial tissue in excretion?
| | | | | | | |
| Removing materials and wastes from the body. | | | | | |
What does epithelial tissue allow to diffuse through its cells? Particles
| | | | | | | | | |
| like gases, liquids, or nutrients.
| | | |
How does epithelial tissue cleanse the body?
| | | | | |
By blocking dust, dirt, or particulate matter from openings. 5
| | | | | | | | |
| defining characteristics of epithelial tissue | | | |
exhibit polarity, causing unique surfaces | | | |
avascular tissue
| |
basal surface connects to basement membrane highly
| | | | | |
regenerative
|
specialized cell junctions | |
What does it mean for epithelial cells to exhibit polarity?
| | | | | | | | |
It means the cells have unique surfaces, each with specialized features: apical,
| | | | | | | | | | |
lateral, and basal.
| | |
What is the apical surface of epithelial cells?
| | | | | | |
It is the surface facing the external environment or inside of a lumen, allowing the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
cells to secrete or absorb materials.
| | | | | |
Do epithelial cells always have an apical surface?
| | | | | | |
No, in certain locations, such as in endocrine glands, epithelial cells lack an
| | | | | | | | | | | |
apical surface.
| |
What are microvilli? | |
Microvilli are finger-like extensions on the apical surface of most epithelial | | | | | | | | | |
cells that add extra surface area for secretions and absorption.
| | | | | | | | | |
What are cilia? | |
Cilia are longer cytoplasmic extensions with an internal structure that allows
| | | | | | | | | |
for their movement.
| | |
Where can ciliated epithelial cells be found? | | | | | |
They can be found in places such as the trachea and bronchi.
| | | | | | | | | | |
, What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
| | | | | | | | |
Cilia sweep trapped particles and mucus up toward the throat to be swallowed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and eliminated from the body.
| | | | |
What is a key characteristic of epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | |
Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it does not have a direct blood supply.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
How do nutrients and wastes move in epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | | |
Nutrients must enter and wastes must leave by diffusion or absorption from
| | | | | | | | | | |
underlying tissues.
| |
Do blood vessels cross the basement membrane of epithelial tissue?
| | | | | | | | |
No, blood vessels do not cross the basement membrane.
| | | | | | | | |
Is epithelial tissue innervated? Yes,
| | | |
epithelial tissue is innervated.
| | | |
What does the basal surface of epithelia connect to?
| | | | | | | |
The basement membrane.
| | |
What is another name for the basement membrane? Basal
| | | | | | | |
lamina.
|
What is the composition of the basement membrane? It
| | | | | | | |
is noncellular and protein-rich.
| | | |
What is the function of the basement membrane?
| | | | | | |
It allows for cells to anchor to it for support and separates epithelium from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
other tissue.
| |
Who produces the basement membrane?
| | | |
The basal surface of epithelial cells and connective tissue cells deep to it.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Epithelial tissue cells are always connected to one another because of
| | | | | | | | | | |
specialized cell junctions
| | |
What connects the lateral surfaces between adjoining cells?
| | | | | | |
Specialized intercellular connections with unique proteins.
| | | | | |
