HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Test
(25 Questions)
Verified Q&As with Explanations
LATEST QUESTIONS
, 1. 1. Question
Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
Lungs
Mediastinum
Sternum
Answer: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a thin muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity
and is a vital structure when it comes to breathing. When you inhale, the diaphragm contracts,
which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs. When you exhale, the diaphragm
relaxes and the air is pushed out of the lungs.
The mediastinum is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the
windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, the ascending aorta (the large artery which carries
blood from the left ventricle of the heart on its way to the rest of the body) and right and left
pulmonary arteries. It is located in the thoracic cavity but does not separate the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity.
The sternum is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. Ribs are attached to the
sternum. There are three parts of the sternum:
o Manubrium (top)
o Body (middle)
o Xyphoid process (bottom)
Below is a diagram of the various body cavities. Note that the thoracic cavity and abdominal
cavity are separated by the diaphragm.
,Connexions / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)
2. 2. Question
The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.
luteinizing hormone
progesterone
oxytocin
testosterone
Answer: progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is responsible for maintaining the
uterine lining, or endometrium.
Oxytocin is a hormone that is involved with the processes of childbirth and milk production and
is released by the pituitary gland.
, Luteinizing hormone is also an important hormone for the female reproductive system;
however, it is not involved with the formation or maintenance of the endometrium. Instead, it
stimulates ovulation along with estrogen. It is also not produced by the reproductive organs but
by the pituitary gland in the brain.
Testosterone is the primary male reproductive hormone, however, it is produced in smaller
amounts by the ovaries in women. The role of testosterone in women is to regulate libido, body
composition, and muscular strength.
3. 3. Question
Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?
Vena cava
Coronary artery
Brachial artery
Aorta
Answer:
Vena cava
The largest vein, the vena cava, dumps deoxygenated blood directly back into the heart at the
right atrium.
Aorta is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the
body. It does not deliver blood to the right atrium.
Brachial artery is a major blood vessel of the arm, delivering oxygenated blood to the arm and
hand. It has no connection to the right atrium.
Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, not to the right atrium.
You may use the diagram below as a visual reference for how blood flows through the heart.
(25 Questions)
Verified Q&As with Explanations
LATEST QUESTIONS
, 1. 1. Question
Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
Lungs
Mediastinum
Sternum
Answer: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a thin muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity
and is a vital structure when it comes to breathing. When you inhale, the diaphragm contracts,
which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs. When you exhale, the diaphragm
relaxes and the air is pushed out of the lungs.
The mediastinum is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the
windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, the ascending aorta (the large artery which carries
blood from the left ventricle of the heart on its way to the rest of the body) and right and left
pulmonary arteries. It is located in the thoracic cavity but does not separate the thoracic cavity
from the abdominal cavity.
The sternum is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. Ribs are attached to the
sternum. There are three parts of the sternum:
o Manubrium (top)
o Body (middle)
o Xyphoid process (bottom)
Below is a diagram of the various body cavities. Note that the thoracic cavity and abdominal
cavity are separated by the diaphragm.
,Connexions / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)
2. 2. Question
The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.
luteinizing hormone
progesterone
oxytocin
testosterone
Answer: progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is responsible for maintaining the
uterine lining, or endometrium.
Oxytocin is a hormone that is involved with the processes of childbirth and milk production and
is released by the pituitary gland.
, Luteinizing hormone is also an important hormone for the female reproductive system;
however, it is not involved with the formation or maintenance of the endometrium. Instead, it
stimulates ovulation along with estrogen. It is also not produced by the reproductive organs but
by the pituitary gland in the brain.
Testosterone is the primary male reproductive hormone, however, it is produced in smaller
amounts by the ovaries in women. The role of testosterone in women is to regulate libido, body
composition, and muscular strength.
3. 3. Question
Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?
Vena cava
Coronary artery
Brachial artery
Aorta
Answer:
Vena cava
The largest vein, the vena cava, dumps deoxygenated blood directly back into the heart at the
right atrium.
Aorta is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the
body. It does not deliver blood to the right atrium.
Brachial artery is a major blood vessel of the arm, delivering oxygenated blood to the arm and
hand. It has no connection to the right atrium.
Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, not to the right atrium.
You may use the diagram below as a visual reference for how blood flows through the heart.
