MIC 205 Exam 1 (Chapters 1,3,4,5,11) With 91 Ques ons
and answers Updated RATED A+ NEW EDITION 100%
VERIFIED CORRECT
Describe the world-changing scien fic contribu ons of Leeuwenhoek. - Ans A Dutch tailor,
merchant, and lens grinder, and the man who discovered the bacterial world. He made his own
magnifying lenses - simple microscopes - and observed many things in close detail. He
discovered the microbial world and bacteria.
Define microbes in the words of Leeuwenhoek and as we know them today. - Ans
Leeuwenhoek named the bacteria he saw under the microscope microorganisms and today we
call them microbes. He described microorganisms as a "quan ty of ma#er no bigger than 1/100
part of a grain of sand.
List six groups of microorganisms. - Ans 1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
6. Viruses
Explain why protozoa, algae, and nonmicroblal parasi c worms are studied in microbiology. -
Ans Protozoa and nonmicroblal parasi c worms are studied in microbiology because they can
cause disease. Algae is studied in microbiology because it provides most of the world's oxygen
as a by-product of photosynthesis and it is used in agar as a solidifying agent in laboratories.
List and answer four ques ons that propelled research in what is called the "Golden Age of
Microbiology." - Ans 1. Is spontaneous genera on of microbial life possible?
,No it is not.
2. What causes fermenta on?
Fermenta on is caused by a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It
occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lac c acid
fermenta on.
3. What causes disease?
Disease is caused by microorganisms and pathogens.
4. How can we prevent infec on and disease?
An sep c technique, cleanliness, immunology, etc.
Iden fy the scien sts who argued in favor of spontaneous genera on. - Ans John T Needham
was the only scien st noted to argue in favor of spontaneous genera on.
Compare and contrast the inves ga ons of Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur
concerning spontaneous genera on. - Ans Redi was responsible for the decaying
meat/flies/maggots experiment. Needham argued that spontaneous genera on was legit
because he boiled sealed beef and plant ma#er in vials and organisms survived. Spallanzani
disproved Needham's findings when he repeated the same experiment and no organisms
survived. Pasteur, using swan neck flasks, proved that spontaneous genera on is not possible.
List four steps in the scien fic method of inves ga on. - Ans 1. A group of observa ons leads a
scien st to ask a ques on about some phenomenon.
2. The scien st generates a hypothesis - that is, a poten al answer to the ques on.
3. The scien st designs and conducts an experiment to test the hypothesis.
4. Based on the observed results of the experiment, the scien st either accepts, rejects, or
modifies the hypothesis.
Discuss the significance of Pasteur's fermenta on experiments in our world today. - Ans
Pasteur's discovery that anaerobic bacteria fermented grape juice into acids suggested a
method for preven ng the spoilage of wine. His name became a household word when he
, developed pasteuriza on, a process of hea ng the grape juice just enough to kill most
contamina ng bacteria w/o changing the juice's basic quali es so that yeast could be added to
ensure alcohol fermenta on.
Explain why Pasteur may be considered the Father of Microbiology. - Ans Because of his many,
varied, and significant accomplishments in working with microbes.
Iden fy the scien st whose experiments led to the field of biochemistry and the study of
metabolism. - Ans Eduard Buchner
List at least seven contribu ons made by Koch to the field of microbiology. - Ans 1. Simple
staining techniques for bacterial cells and flagella
2. The first photomicrograph of bacteria
3. The first photograph of bacteria in diseased ssue
4. Techniques for es ma ng the number of bacteria in a solu on based on the number of
colonies that form aBer inocula on onto a solid surface
5. The use of steam to sterilize growth media
6. The use of Petri dishes to hold solid growth media
7. Laboratory techniques such as transferring bacteria between media using a metal wire that
has been heat-sterilized in a flame
8. Elucida on of bacteria as dis nct species
List the four steps that must be taken to prove the cause of an infec ous disease. - Ans Koch's
Postulates:
1. The suspected causa ve agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from
healthy hosts.
2. The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host.
3. When the agent is introduced to a healthy, suscep ble host, the host must get the disease.
4. The same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.
and answers Updated RATED A+ NEW EDITION 100%
VERIFIED CORRECT
Describe the world-changing scien fic contribu ons of Leeuwenhoek. - Ans A Dutch tailor,
merchant, and lens grinder, and the man who discovered the bacterial world. He made his own
magnifying lenses - simple microscopes - and observed many things in close detail. He
discovered the microbial world and bacteria.
Define microbes in the words of Leeuwenhoek and as we know them today. - Ans
Leeuwenhoek named the bacteria he saw under the microscope microorganisms and today we
call them microbes. He described microorganisms as a "quan ty of ma#er no bigger than 1/100
part of a grain of sand.
List six groups of microorganisms. - Ans 1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
6. Viruses
Explain why protozoa, algae, and nonmicroblal parasi c worms are studied in microbiology. -
Ans Protozoa and nonmicroblal parasi c worms are studied in microbiology because they can
cause disease. Algae is studied in microbiology because it provides most of the world's oxygen
as a by-product of photosynthesis and it is used in agar as a solidifying agent in laboratories.
List and answer four ques ons that propelled research in what is called the "Golden Age of
Microbiology." - Ans 1. Is spontaneous genera on of microbial life possible?
,No it is not.
2. What causes fermenta on?
Fermenta on is caused by a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It
occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lac c acid
fermenta on.
3. What causes disease?
Disease is caused by microorganisms and pathogens.
4. How can we prevent infec on and disease?
An sep c technique, cleanliness, immunology, etc.
Iden fy the scien sts who argued in favor of spontaneous genera on. - Ans John T Needham
was the only scien st noted to argue in favor of spontaneous genera on.
Compare and contrast the inves ga ons of Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur
concerning spontaneous genera on. - Ans Redi was responsible for the decaying
meat/flies/maggots experiment. Needham argued that spontaneous genera on was legit
because he boiled sealed beef and plant ma#er in vials and organisms survived. Spallanzani
disproved Needham's findings when he repeated the same experiment and no organisms
survived. Pasteur, using swan neck flasks, proved that spontaneous genera on is not possible.
List four steps in the scien fic method of inves ga on. - Ans 1. A group of observa ons leads a
scien st to ask a ques on about some phenomenon.
2. The scien st generates a hypothesis - that is, a poten al answer to the ques on.
3. The scien st designs and conducts an experiment to test the hypothesis.
4. Based on the observed results of the experiment, the scien st either accepts, rejects, or
modifies the hypothesis.
Discuss the significance of Pasteur's fermenta on experiments in our world today. - Ans
Pasteur's discovery that anaerobic bacteria fermented grape juice into acids suggested a
method for preven ng the spoilage of wine. His name became a household word when he
, developed pasteuriza on, a process of hea ng the grape juice just enough to kill most
contamina ng bacteria w/o changing the juice's basic quali es so that yeast could be added to
ensure alcohol fermenta on.
Explain why Pasteur may be considered the Father of Microbiology. - Ans Because of his many,
varied, and significant accomplishments in working with microbes.
Iden fy the scien st whose experiments led to the field of biochemistry and the study of
metabolism. - Ans Eduard Buchner
List at least seven contribu ons made by Koch to the field of microbiology. - Ans 1. Simple
staining techniques for bacterial cells and flagella
2. The first photomicrograph of bacteria
3. The first photograph of bacteria in diseased ssue
4. Techniques for es ma ng the number of bacteria in a solu on based on the number of
colonies that form aBer inocula on onto a solid surface
5. The use of steam to sterilize growth media
6. The use of Petri dishes to hold solid growth media
7. Laboratory techniques such as transferring bacteria between media using a metal wire that
has been heat-sterilized in a flame
8. Elucida on of bacteria as dis nct species
List the four steps that must be taken to prove the cause of an infec ous disease. - Ans Koch's
Postulates:
1. The suspected causa ve agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from
healthy hosts.
2. The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host.
3. When the agent is introduced to a healthy, suscep ble host, the host must get the disease.
4. The same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.
