Nur 265 Exam 1 Actual Questions and
Answers || Latest Version 2025 || Galen
College of Nursing
What is nephrotic syndrome? -CORRECTANSWER A condition of increased glomerular
permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine
and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? -CORRECTANSWER -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? -
CORRECTANSWER 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? -CORRECTANSWER -immunosuppressant
agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
,-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and
GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x2 & GFR reduced
by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x3 normal, & GFR
reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Decreased perfusion to
kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Tissue damage to the
actual kidneys.
, -Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Obstruction that occurs
after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -CORRECTANSWER
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? -CORRECTANSWER 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? -CORRECTANSWER -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
Answers || Latest Version 2025 || Galen
College of Nursing
What is nephrotic syndrome? -CORRECTANSWER A condition of increased glomerular
permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine
and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? -CORRECTANSWER -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? -
CORRECTANSWER 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? -CORRECTANSWER -immunosuppressant
agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
,-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and
GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x2 & GFR reduced
by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI -CORRECTANSWER creatinine x3 normal, & GFR
reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Decreased perfusion to
kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Tissue damage to the
actual kidneys.
, -Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. -CORRECTANSWER Obstruction that occurs
after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -CORRECTANSWER
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? -CORRECTANSWER 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? -CORRECTANSWER -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
