POB Lab- Final, POB Lab Midterm exam Questions and Answers
Lab 6: Cell Reproduction - -Mitosis, meiosis, human genetics, and blood typing virtual lab
Life cycles homework
Lab 6 worksheet
Post lab quiz
-Mitosis Virtual Lab - -Mitosis: growth and repair of body tissues, produce two daughter
cells from one parent cell, produce daughter cells that are genetically identical
Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
-Meiosis Virtual Lab - -Meiosis: shuffle the genetic material, produce gametes
Daughter Cells: participate in sexual reproduction; contain half the number of
chromosomes as the parent call
Phases: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis
Meiosis II: end up with four daughter cells
-Human Genetics Virtual Lab - -Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes and meiosis
II separates sister chromatids
-Blood Typing Virtual Lab - -O goes with all blood types; A and B go with relative types;
positive and negative go on positive; only negative go on negative
-Life Cycles HW - -Following puberty in young, human males, spermatogenesis occurs as a
continual process in the testes.
As spermatogenesis proceeds, primary spermatocytes, which are diploid, divide during the
first meiotic division to form two secondary spermatocytes, which are haploid.'Secondary
spermatocytes divide during the second meiotic division to produce four spermatids,
which are also haploid.
The chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes are duplicated and consist of two
chromatids, while those in spermatids consist of only one chromatid. Spermatids then
mature into spermatozoa.
Pollen grains are deposited on the female parts of the flower either by pollinators or by
wind.
Three disintegrate and the remaining cell becomes a female gametophyte in meiosis
The mycelium form a sporangium that produce clonal spores during which type of
reproduction? -> asexual reproduction
At what point does a zygospore structure form during sexual reproduction? ->It forms after
the "+" strain and "-" strain make contact and allow their nuclei to fuse together.
What structure releases the spores during sexual reproduction? ->the sporangia within the
aerial hyphae
-Lab 6 Terms - -Centrosome and microtubules: organizing center of the cell and provides
structure in animal cells, spindle fibers develop, Main microtubule center; centrosome
, where the spindle fibers develop (metaphase and anaphase); microtubules is the same
thing as the spindle fiber
Chromosome, centromere: carries genetic material, centromere is in the middle which
spindles attached to
Sister Chromatids: two pieces of DNA in a chromosome attached by the centromere
Homologous Chromosome: 2 pieces of DNA that hace the same genes
Haploid and diploid cells: Half, and whole so n and 2n
Gametes: produced by meiosis they are the egg or sperm
Oocyte and spermatocyte: oocyte in ovary that underog mitosis and develop 1 egg and 3
polar bodies; spermatocyte in testes and produce 4 sperm
Tetrad/bivalent: meiosis, one pair of chromosomes in a tetrad (sister chromatids); a tetrad
is 4 sister chromatids; prophase 1
Crossing Over: you take a part of a gene from a sister chromatid in a homologous structure
and exchange it with the other sister chromatid, genetic variability
Independent Assortment: how they separate so in meiosis homologous chromsomes are
divided in half, producing haploid cells
Mitosis and Meiosis, Cytokinesis: mitosis- 1 division, identical, 2 daughter cells, autosomal;
meiosis: in sex cells, 2 diivisions, different, 4 daughter cells; cytokinesis divides the
cytoplasm
In meiosis I, crossing over during prophase and independent assortment during anaphase
creates sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles. Genetic variation is also
introduced by random fertilization of the gametes produced by meiosis.
-Lab 7: Genetics - -3 short lectures
Lab 7 document
Human Genetics, Monohybrid, Dihybrid Cross Virtual Labs
Post-lab quiz
-Short Lecture 1 - -Mendelian Genetics: between 1856 and 1863, he cultivated and tested
some 29,000 pea plants
Gene: a unit of heredity that contains information for a character; carried on a chromosome
Allele: alternate forms of the same gene
Phenotype: the outward expression of a trait (appearance)
Genotype: genetic makeup of the individual
Homozygous: same type alleles
Heterozygous: different alleles
Complete Dominance: dominant allele masks the phenotypic expression of recessive alleles
Incomplete Dominance: neither allele is completely dominant over the other when the
alleles are paired together in heterozygote
Co-dominance: when both the dominant alleles are expressed in the heterozygote (blood
types)
Polygenic Traits: a particular character is the result of multiple genes (hair color)
Autosomes: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (22 pairs); dominant traits are
freckles, dimples, tongue folding and rolling
Sex-Linked Traits: female is XX, male is XY; x-linked is hemophilia and colorblindness but
men are affected more
Lab 6: Cell Reproduction - -Mitosis, meiosis, human genetics, and blood typing virtual lab
Life cycles homework
Lab 6 worksheet
Post lab quiz
-Mitosis Virtual Lab - -Mitosis: growth and repair of body tissues, produce two daughter
cells from one parent cell, produce daughter cells that are genetically identical
Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
-Meiosis Virtual Lab - -Meiosis: shuffle the genetic material, produce gametes
Daughter Cells: participate in sexual reproduction; contain half the number of
chromosomes as the parent call
Phases: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis
Meiosis II: end up with four daughter cells
-Human Genetics Virtual Lab - -Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes and meiosis
II separates sister chromatids
-Blood Typing Virtual Lab - -O goes with all blood types; A and B go with relative types;
positive and negative go on positive; only negative go on negative
-Life Cycles HW - -Following puberty in young, human males, spermatogenesis occurs as a
continual process in the testes.
As spermatogenesis proceeds, primary spermatocytes, which are diploid, divide during the
first meiotic division to form two secondary spermatocytes, which are haploid.'Secondary
spermatocytes divide during the second meiotic division to produce four spermatids,
which are also haploid.
The chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes are duplicated and consist of two
chromatids, while those in spermatids consist of only one chromatid. Spermatids then
mature into spermatozoa.
Pollen grains are deposited on the female parts of the flower either by pollinators or by
wind.
Three disintegrate and the remaining cell becomes a female gametophyte in meiosis
The mycelium form a sporangium that produce clonal spores during which type of
reproduction? -> asexual reproduction
At what point does a zygospore structure form during sexual reproduction? ->It forms after
the "+" strain and "-" strain make contact and allow their nuclei to fuse together.
What structure releases the spores during sexual reproduction? ->the sporangia within the
aerial hyphae
-Lab 6 Terms - -Centrosome and microtubules: organizing center of the cell and provides
structure in animal cells, spindle fibers develop, Main microtubule center; centrosome
, where the spindle fibers develop (metaphase and anaphase); microtubules is the same
thing as the spindle fiber
Chromosome, centromere: carries genetic material, centromere is in the middle which
spindles attached to
Sister Chromatids: two pieces of DNA in a chromosome attached by the centromere
Homologous Chromosome: 2 pieces of DNA that hace the same genes
Haploid and diploid cells: Half, and whole so n and 2n
Gametes: produced by meiosis they are the egg or sperm
Oocyte and spermatocyte: oocyte in ovary that underog mitosis and develop 1 egg and 3
polar bodies; spermatocyte in testes and produce 4 sperm
Tetrad/bivalent: meiosis, one pair of chromosomes in a tetrad (sister chromatids); a tetrad
is 4 sister chromatids; prophase 1
Crossing Over: you take a part of a gene from a sister chromatid in a homologous structure
and exchange it with the other sister chromatid, genetic variability
Independent Assortment: how they separate so in meiosis homologous chromsomes are
divided in half, producing haploid cells
Mitosis and Meiosis, Cytokinesis: mitosis- 1 division, identical, 2 daughter cells, autosomal;
meiosis: in sex cells, 2 diivisions, different, 4 daughter cells; cytokinesis divides the
cytoplasm
In meiosis I, crossing over during prophase and independent assortment during anaphase
creates sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles. Genetic variation is also
introduced by random fertilization of the gametes produced by meiosis.
-Lab 7: Genetics - -3 short lectures
Lab 7 document
Human Genetics, Monohybrid, Dihybrid Cross Virtual Labs
Post-lab quiz
-Short Lecture 1 - -Mendelian Genetics: between 1856 and 1863, he cultivated and tested
some 29,000 pea plants
Gene: a unit of heredity that contains information for a character; carried on a chromosome
Allele: alternate forms of the same gene
Phenotype: the outward expression of a trait (appearance)
Genotype: genetic makeup of the individual
Homozygous: same type alleles
Heterozygous: different alleles
Complete Dominance: dominant allele masks the phenotypic expression of recessive alleles
Incomplete Dominance: neither allele is completely dominant over the other when the
alleles are paired together in heterozygote
Co-dominance: when both the dominant alleles are expressed in the heterozygote (blood
types)
Polygenic Traits: a particular character is the result of multiple genes (hair color)
Autosomes: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (22 pairs); dominant traits are
freckles, dimples, tongue folding and rolling
Sex-Linked Traits: female is XX, male is XY; x-linked is hemophilia and colorblindness but
men are affected more
