NURS 2873 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
In a type I hypersensitivity reaction the primary immunologic disorder appears to
be - Correct answer-a. binding of IgG to an antigen on a cell surface.
b. deposit of antigen-antibody complexes in small vessels.
c. release of cytokines used to interact with specific antigns.
d. release of chemical mediators from IgE-bound mast cells and basophils.
Shock - Correct answer-Decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular
metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for O2
and nutrients. The exchange of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to
life. When cells are hypoperfused, the demand for O2 and nutrients exceeds the
supply at the microcirculatory level. Ischemia can occur, leading to cell injury and
death.
Cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Ooccurs when either systolic or diastolic
dysfunction of the heart's pumping action results in reduced cardiac output (CO),
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,stroke volume (SV), and BP. These changes compromise myocardial perfusion,
further depress myocardial function, and decrease CO and perfusion.
What is the most common cause of systolic dysfunction? - Correct answer-Acute
MI
Systolic dysfunction - Correct answer-The heart's inability to pump the blood
forward.
Causes of cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Cardiac tamponade,
cardiomyopathy, MI, dysrhythmias, valvular stenosis, blunt cardiac injury, severe
systemic or pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Causes of hypovolemic shock - Correct answer-Hemorrhage from surgery, trauma
or GI bleed, vomiting, diarrhea, DI, DM, burns, ascites, fracture of long bones,
ruptured spleen, hemothorax, severe pancreatitis, sepsis, bowel obstruction
Causes of anaphylactic shock - Correct answer-Hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)
to a substance. Contrast media, blood or blood products, drugs, insect bites,
anesthetic agents, food or food additives, vaccines, environmental agents, latex
Causes of neurogenic shock - Correct answer-Hemodynamic consequence of spinal
cord injury and/or disease at or above T5, Spinal anesthesia, vasomotor center
depression, severe pain, hypoglycemia, injury
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, Causes of septic shock - Correct answer-Pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary tract,
invasive procedures, indwelling lines and catheters (infection), older adults,
patients with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, HF), patients
receiving immunosuppressive therapy or who are malnourished or debilitated
Causes of obstructive shock - Correct answer-Cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, superior vena cava syndrome, abdominal compartment syndrome,
pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - Correct answer-acute compression of the heart caused by fluid
accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Early presentation of cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Similar to acute
decompensated heart failure. May be hypotension and tachycardia. Narrowed pulse
pressure, increased vascular resistance (increases myocardial O2 consumption).
Tachypnea and crackles because of pulmonary congestion. Increase in the
pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), stroke volume variation (SVV), and
pulmonary vascular resistance. Cyanosis, pallor, diaphoresis, weak pulses, cool and
clammy skin, decreased urinary output, anxiety and confusion are other symptoms.
Hypovolemic shock - Correct answer-Occurs from inadequate fluid volume in the
intravascular space to support adequate perfusion
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Answers Graded A+
In a type I hypersensitivity reaction the primary immunologic disorder appears to
be - Correct answer-a. binding of IgG to an antigen on a cell surface.
b. deposit of antigen-antibody complexes in small vessels.
c. release of cytokines used to interact with specific antigns.
d. release of chemical mediators from IgE-bound mast cells and basophils.
Shock - Correct answer-Decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular
metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for O2
and nutrients. The exchange of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to
life. When cells are hypoperfused, the demand for O2 and nutrients exceeds the
supply at the microcirculatory level. Ischemia can occur, leading to cell injury and
death.
Cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Ooccurs when either systolic or diastolic
dysfunction of the heart's pumping action results in reduced cardiac output (CO),
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,stroke volume (SV), and BP. These changes compromise myocardial perfusion,
further depress myocardial function, and decrease CO and perfusion.
What is the most common cause of systolic dysfunction? - Correct answer-Acute
MI
Systolic dysfunction - Correct answer-The heart's inability to pump the blood
forward.
Causes of cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Cardiac tamponade,
cardiomyopathy, MI, dysrhythmias, valvular stenosis, blunt cardiac injury, severe
systemic or pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Causes of hypovolemic shock - Correct answer-Hemorrhage from surgery, trauma
or GI bleed, vomiting, diarrhea, DI, DM, burns, ascites, fracture of long bones,
ruptured spleen, hemothorax, severe pancreatitis, sepsis, bowel obstruction
Causes of anaphylactic shock - Correct answer-Hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)
to a substance. Contrast media, blood or blood products, drugs, insect bites,
anesthetic agents, food or food additives, vaccines, environmental agents, latex
Causes of neurogenic shock - Correct answer-Hemodynamic consequence of spinal
cord injury and/or disease at or above T5, Spinal anesthesia, vasomotor center
depression, severe pain, hypoglycemia, injury
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, Causes of septic shock - Correct answer-Pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary tract,
invasive procedures, indwelling lines and catheters (infection), older adults,
patients with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, HF), patients
receiving immunosuppressive therapy or who are malnourished or debilitated
Causes of obstructive shock - Correct answer-Cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, superior vena cava syndrome, abdominal compartment syndrome,
pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - Correct answer-acute compression of the heart caused by fluid
accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Early presentation of cardiogenic shock - Correct answer-Similar to acute
decompensated heart failure. May be hypotension and tachycardia. Narrowed pulse
pressure, increased vascular resistance (increases myocardial O2 consumption).
Tachypnea and crackles because of pulmonary congestion. Increase in the
pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), stroke volume variation (SVV), and
pulmonary vascular resistance. Cyanosis, pallor, diaphoresis, weak pulses, cool and
clammy skin, decreased urinary output, anxiety and confusion are other symptoms.
Hypovolemic shock - Correct answer-Occurs from inadequate fluid volume in the
intravascular space to support adequate perfusion
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