Systematic analysis of a simple salt (GENERAL) Salt + MnO2 + Conc. H2SO4 A greenish yellow gas turning Presence of chloride
Experiment Observation Inference 7. + Heat starch iodide paper blue evolves
Blue / Green May be Copper salt A reddish brown gas turning moist
Presence of bromide
1. Colour Brown May be an Iron salt fluorescein paper red evolves
Absence of copper and No characteristic change. Absence of Chloride,
colourless Bromide
iron salts
Action of heat A colourless, odourless gas turning lime water Chromyl chloride test
Presence of carbonate 8. Salt + Potassium dichromate A red orange vapours Presence of Chloride
2. Salt + Heat milky evolves
A colourless gas with the pungent small turning + Conc. H2SO4. + Heat evolved. Pass the vapours to lead
red litmus paper into blue evolves. It gives a Presence of an acetate solution yellow ppt is
dense white fumes when a glass rod dipped in Ammonium formed
Conc. HCl is brought close to its mouth No red orange vapours evolved Absence of Chloride
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract:
A reddish brown gas evolves Presence of a nitrate
1g salt + 3g solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water to it. After boiling the solution
Salt is yellow when hot and white when cold May be a zinc for few mins, filter and collect the filtrate. The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
1. Test for Silver nitrate :
Absence of carbonate,
No characteristic change Nitrate, Ammonium Sodium carbonate extract + dil.HNO3 A curdy white ppt Presence of chloride is
and Zinc (until the effervescence ceases) + insoluble in about 1ml of confirmed
Flame test AgNO3. dil. ammonia is formed
Bluish green flame Presence of a copper
3 Take a small amount of salt in A pale yellow ppt
a watch glass. Add a drop of Apple green Presence of a barium sparingly soluble in Presence of bromide is
Conc. HCl to it and form a Brick red Presence of a calcium ammonia is formed confirmed
paste. Take the paste at the No characteristic flame Absence of Copper, A black ppt is formed Presence of sulphide
charred end of the splinter and Barium and calcium No characteristic Absence of Chloride,
introduce it near the Bunsen precipitate Bromide and Sulphide
flame 2. Test with Barium chloride:
Salt + dil. NaOH + Heat A colourless gas with the pun- Sodium carbonate extract + dil. HCl A white ppt is formed Presence of sulphate is
4. gent smell giving dense white Presence of (until the effervescence ceases) + insoluble in dil HCl confirmed
fumes with a glass rod dipped ammonium barium chloride solution No characteristic change. Absence of Sulphate
in dil. HCl evolves 3. Brown ring test:
No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium Sodium carbonate extract + dil. H2SO4A brown ring is formed Presence of nitrate is
Salt + dil. HCl Brisk effervesene is noted. (until the effervescence ceases) + confirmed
Presence of carbonate freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
5. A colourless, odourless gas
is confirmed solution. Then keeping the test tube in No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
turning lime water milky evolves
A colourless gas with a rotten egg a slanting position add Conc. H2SO4
smell turning a paper dipped in Presence of sulphide along the sides of the test tube.
lead acetate shining black evolves Ammonium molybdate test:
Absence of Carbonate 4. Sodium carbonate extract + dil HNO3 A canary yellow ppt is Presence of phosphate
No characteristic change (until the effervescence ceases) + formed. is confirmed
& Sulphide
Salt + Copper turnings + A reddish brown gas evolves ammonium molybdate + Con. HNO3 No canary yellow Absence of phosphate
Presence of nitrate.
6. Conc. H2SO4 + Heat precipitate
No reddish brown gas Absence of Nitrate
P.KATHIRVEL, M.Sc,B,Ed, P.G. TEACHER IN CHEMISTRY, GBHSS-ANTHIYUR-ERODE. CELL-9150550110 P.KATHIRVEL, M.Sc,B,Ed, P.G. TEACHER IN CHEMISTRY, GBHSS-ANTHIYUR-ERODE. CELL-9150550110
Experiment Observation Inference 7. + Heat starch iodide paper blue evolves
Blue / Green May be Copper salt A reddish brown gas turning moist
Presence of bromide
1. Colour Brown May be an Iron salt fluorescein paper red evolves
Absence of copper and No characteristic change. Absence of Chloride,
colourless Bromide
iron salts
Action of heat A colourless, odourless gas turning lime water Chromyl chloride test
Presence of carbonate 8. Salt + Potassium dichromate A red orange vapours Presence of Chloride
2. Salt + Heat milky evolves
A colourless gas with the pungent small turning + Conc. H2SO4. + Heat evolved. Pass the vapours to lead
red litmus paper into blue evolves. It gives a Presence of an acetate solution yellow ppt is
dense white fumes when a glass rod dipped in Ammonium formed
Conc. HCl is brought close to its mouth No red orange vapours evolved Absence of Chloride
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract:
A reddish brown gas evolves Presence of a nitrate
1g salt + 3g solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water to it. After boiling the solution
Salt is yellow when hot and white when cold May be a zinc for few mins, filter and collect the filtrate. The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
1. Test for Silver nitrate :
Absence of carbonate,
No characteristic change Nitrate, Ammonium Sodium carbonate extract + dil.HNO3 A curdy white ppt Presence of chloride is
and Zinc (until the effervescence ceases) + insoluble in about 1ml of confirmed
Flame test AgNO3. dil. ammonia is formed
Bluish green flame Presence of a copper
3 Take a small amount of salt in A pale yellow ppt
a watch glass. Add a drop of Apple green Presence of a barium sparingly soluble in Presence of bromide is
Conc. HCl to it and form a Brick red Presence of a calcium ammonia is formed confirmed
paste. Take the paste at the No characteristic flame Absence of Copper, A black ppt is formed Presence of sulphide
charred end of the splinter and Barium and calcium No characteristic Absence of Chloride,
introduce it near the Bunsen precipitate Bromide and Sulphide
flame 2. Test with Barium chloride:
Salt + dil. NaOH + Heat A colourless gas with the pun- Sodium carbonate extract + dil. HCl A white ppt is formed Presence of sulphate is
4. gent smell giving dense white Presence of (until the effervescence ceases) + insoluble in dil HCl confirmed
fumes with a glass rod dipped ammonium barium chloride solution No characteristic change. Absence of Sulphate
in dil. HCl evolves 3. Brown ring test:
No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium Sodium carbonate extract + dil. H2SO4A brown ring is formed Presence of nitrate is
Salt + dil. HCl Brisk effervesene is noted. (until the effervescence ceases) + confirmed
Presence of carbonate freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
5. A colourless, odourless gas
is confirmed solution. Then keeping the test tube in No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
turning lime water milky evolves
A colourless gas with a rotten egg a slanting position add Conc. H2SO4
smell turning a paper dipped in Presence of sulphide along the sides of the test tube.
lead acetate shining black evolves Ammonium molybdate test:
Absence of Carbonate 4. Sodium carbonate extract + dil HNO3 A canary yellow ppt is Presence of phosphate
No characteristic change (until the effervescence ceases) + formed. is confirmed
& Sulphide
Salt + Copper turnings + A reddish brown gas evolves ammonium molybdate + Con. HNO3 No canary yellow Absence of phosphate
Presence of nitrate.
6. Conc. H2SO4 + Heat precipitate
No reddish brown gas Absence of Nitrate
P.KATHIRVEL, M.Sc,B,Ed, P.G. TEACHER IN CHEMISTRY, GBHSS-ANTHIYUR-ERODE. CELL-9150550110 P.KATHIRVEL, M.Sc,B,Ed, P.G. TEACHER IN CHEMISTRY, GBHSS-ANTHIYUR-ERODE. CELL-9150550110
