AP PSYCHOLOGY
Fecha: 11/09/2025
MY HELP FOR MY EBQS 😣
🎯 When the EBQ is about how psychologists think or work:
Use these terms to explain psychology as a science:
● Psychology: the study of behavior and mental processes.
● Mental Processes: internal experiences like thoughts and emotions.
● Behavior: observable actions.
● Empirical Evidence: data from observation or experiments.
● Scientific Method: the process of forming and testing hypotheses.
● Hypothesis: a testable prediction.
● Falsifiable: capable of being proven wrong.
● Peer Review: evaluation by other experts.
● Replication: repeating a study to confirm results.
● Reliability: consistency of results.
● Validity: accuracy of measurement.
● APA (American Psychological Association): sets ethical and research standards.
, 2
🧠 When the EBQ is about flawed thinking or judgment:
Use these to explain cognitive errors:
● Confirmation Bias: favoring info that supports your beliefs.
● Hindsight Bias: thinking you “knew it all along.”
● Overconfidence: overestimating your knowledge or accuracy.
🧪 When the EBQ is about experiments or study design:
Use these to explain how a study is structured:
● Research Design: the blueprint of a study.
● Methodology: the techniques used to gather data.
● Independent Variable: what the researcher changes.
● Dependent Variable: what’s measured.
● Confounding Variable: an outside factor that affects results.
● Operational Definitions: how variables are defined and measured.
● Experimental Group: receives the treatment.
● Control Group: does not receive the treatment.
● Random Assignment: placing participants into groups by chance.
● Placebo Effect: improvement from believing in a fake treatment.
● Experimenter Bias: researcher unintentionally influences results.
● Single-Blind Study: participants don’t know their group.
● Double-Blind Study: neither participants nor researchers know.
● Placebo Condition: the group receiving the fake treatment.
📊 When the EBQ is about surveys or data collection:
Use these to explain how psychologists gather information:
● Quantitative Data: numerical data.
● Qualitative Data: descriptive data.
, 3
● Survey Technique: asking questions to gather data.
● Structured Interviews: fixed, pre-written questions.
● Likert Scales: rating scales (e.g., 1 to 5).
● Wording Effect: how phrasing influences responses.
● Social Desirability Bias: giving answers that seem acceptable.
🔍 When the EBQ is about observing behavior:
Use these to explain non-experimental methods:
● Naturalistic Observation: watching behavior in its natural setting.
● Case Study: in-depth study of one person or group.
🔗 When the EBQ is about relationships between variables:
Use these to explain correlations:
● Correlational Research: studying relationships without manipulation.
● Third Variable Problem: a hidden factor influencing both variables.
● Scatterplot: graph showing variable relationships.
● Correlation Coefficient: number showing strength and direction.
● Positive Correlation: both variables increase or decrease together.
● Negative Correlation: one increases while the other decreases.
👥 When the EBQ is about sampling or generalizing results:
Use these to explain who was studied and how results apply:
● Sample: the group studied.
● Representative Sample: reflects the population.
● Random Sample: everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.
● Sample Bias: sample doesn’t reflect the population.
, 4
● Generalizability: how well results apply to other groups.
📊 When the EBQ is about statistics or interpreting data:
Use these terms to explain how psychologists analyze results.
● Statistics – The branch of math used to analyze data.
● Descriptive Statistics – Summarizes data (e.g., averages, graphs).
● Inferential Statistics – Draws conclusions from data about a population.
● Measure of Central Tendency – Shows the center of a data set.
● Mean – The average.
● Median – The middle value.
● Mode – The most frequent value.
● Range – Difference between highest and lowest values.
● Standard Deviation – Measures how spread out data is.
● Normal Curve – Bell-shaped curve showing typical distribution.
● Regression to the Mean – Extreme scores tend to move toward average over
time.
● Positive Skew – Tail on the right; most scores are low.
● Negative Skew – Tail on the left; most scores are high.
● Percentile Rank – Shows how a score compares to others.
● Bimodal Distribution – Two peaks in the data.
● Statistical Significance – Results are unlikely due to chance.
● Effect Sizes – Shows how strong the relationship is.
● Meta Analysis – Combines results from multiple studies.
🧠 Memory Tip: Picture a graph or a test score report — what does it tell you about the
data?
🧑⚖️ When the EBQ is about ethics or protecting participants:
Use these terms to explain how psychologists ensure ethical research.
Fecha: 11/09/2025
MY HELP FOR MY EBQS 😣
🎯 When the EBQ is about how psychologists think or work:
Use these terms to explain psychology as a science:
● Psychology: the study of behavior and mental processes.
● Mental Processes: internal experiences like thoughts and emotions.
● Behavior: observable actions.
● Empirical Evidence: data from observation or experiments.
● Scientific Method: the process of forming and testing hypotheses.
● Hypothesis: a testable prediction.
● Falsifiable: capable of being proven wrong.
● Peer Review: evaluation by other experts.
● Replication: repeating a study to confirm results.
● Reliability: consistency of results.
● Validity: accuracy of measurement.
● APA (American Psychological Association): sets ethical and research standards.
, 2
🧠 When the EBQ is about flawed thinking or judgment:
Use these to explain cognitive errors:
● Confirmation Bias: favoring info that supports your beliefs.
● Hindsight Bias: thinking you “knew it all along.”
● Overconfidence: overestimating your knowledge or accuracy.
🧪 When the EBQ is about experiments or study design:
Use these to explain how a study is structured:
● Research Design: the blueprint of a study.
● Methodology: the techniques used to gather data.
● Independent Variable: what the researcher changes.
● Dependent Variable: what’s measured.
● Confounding Variable: an outside factor that affects results.
● Operational Definitions: how variables are defined and measured.
● Experimental Group: receives the treatment.
● Control Group: does not receive the treatment.
● Random Assignment: placing participants into groups by chance.
● Placebo Effect: improvement from believing in a fake treatment.
● Experimenter Bias: researcher unintentionally influences results.
● Single-Blind Study: participants don’t know their group.
● Double-Blind Study: neither participants nor researchers know.
● Placebo Condition: the group receiving the fake treatment.
📊 When the EBQ is about surveys or data collection:
Use these to explain how psychologists gather information:
● Quantitative Data: numerical data.
● Qualitative Data: descriptive data.
, 3
● Survey Technique: asking questions to gather data.
● Structured Interviews: fixed, pre-written questions.
● Likert Scales: rating scales (e.g., 1 to 5).
● Wording Effect: how phrasing influences responses.
● Social Desirability Bias: giving answers that seem acceptable.
🔍 When the EBQ is about observing behavior:
Use these to explain non-experimental methods:
● Naturalistic Observation: watching behavior in its natural setting.
● Case Study: in-depth study of one person or group.
🔗 When the EBQ is about relationships between variables:
Use these to explain correlations:
● Correlational Research: studying relationships without manipulation.
● Third Variable Problem: a hidden factor influencing both variables.
● Scatterplot: graph showing variable relationships.
● Correlation Coefficient: number showing strength and direction.
● Positive Correlation: both variables increase or decrease together.
● Negative Correlation: one increases while the other decreases.
👥 When the EBQ is about sampling or generalizing results:
Use these to explain who was studied and how results apply:
● Sample: the group studied.
● Representative Sample: reflects the population.
● Random Sample: everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.
● Sample Bias: sample doesn’t reflect the population.
, 4
● Generalizability: how well results apply to other groups.
📊 When the EBQ is about statistics or interpreting data:
Use these terms to explain how psychologists analyze results.
● Statistics – The branch of math used to analyze data.
● Descriptive Statistics – Summarizes data (e.g., averages, graphs).
● Inferential Statistics – Draws conclusions from data about a population.
● Measure of Central Tendency – Shows the center of a data set.
● Mean – The average.
● Median – The middle value.
● Mode – The most frequent value.
● Range – Difference between highest and lowest values.
● Standard Deviation – Measures how spread out data is.
● Normal Curve – Bell-shaped curve showing typical distribution.
● Regression to the Mean – Extreme scores tend to move toward average over
time.
● Positive Skew – Tail on the right; most scores are low.
● Negative Skew – Tail on the left; most scores are high.
● Percentile Rank – Shows how a score compares to others.
● Bimodal Distribution – Two peaks in the data.
● Statistical Significance – Results are unlikely due to chance.
● Effect Sizes – Shows how strong the relationship is.
● Meta Analysis – Combines results from multiple studies.
🧠 Memory Tip: Picture a graph or a test score report — what does it tell you about the
data?
🧑⚖️ When the EBQ is about ethics or protecting participants:
Use these terms to explain how psychologists ensure ethical research.
