NR546 WEEK 7 TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE QUIZ WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Neurotransmitters involved in ADHD - ANSWER-Dopamine & norepinephrine
-affect symptoms of inattention & hyperactivity
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders: - ANSWER-Over-the-counter
Melatonin
Orexin receptor antagonists
Antidepressants
Z-drugs
Benzodiazepines
prevalence of ADHD in the United States population - ANSWER-6.1 million children are
diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
-Boys more likely than girls (12.9% boys, 5.6% girls)
-1/3 have symptoms into adulthood
-6 in 10 children have at least one other mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder
-Comorbidities:
• Behavior/conduct problems
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Tourette syndrome
ADHD Symptoms: - ANSWER-Typically start before age 12, may begin to appear early
as 3:
-Selective Attention
• lack of attention to detail
• careless mistakes
• not listening
• losing things
• diverting attention
• forgetfulness
-Lack of Sustained Attention
• poor problem solving
• difficulty completing tasks
• disorganization
• difficulty sustaining mental effort
, -Impulsivity
• excessive talking
• blurting things out
• not waiting one's turn
• interrupting
-Hyperactivity
• fidgeting
• leaving one's seat
• running, climbing
• trouble playing quietly
*Symptoms related to attention usually develop 2-4 years after the emergence of
hyperactive symptoms in childhood
ADHD lifespan considerations - ANSWER--Symptoms change with age.
-Not only a childhood diagnosis
-Hyperactivity decreases markedly with age
-Primary Symptoms: inattention, restlessness, cognitive & emotional impulsivity,
executive functioning deficits, and self-regulation
-Adults struggling with executive functioning difficulties and disorganization may
experience occupational stress or anxiety.
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Genetics - ANSWER-Important role in
development of ADHD.
-heritability of up to 88%
Other risk factors for ADHD include
-premature birth
-low birth weight
-maternal stress during pregnancy
-prenatal substance exposure, including tobacco
-adverse childhood environmental
-psychosocial stress
-inconsistent parenting practices
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neuroanatomy - ANSWER-Specific
ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within circuits in the prefrontal cortex
(PFC)
-affect executive function
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neural Networks - ANSWER--
symptoms often become noticeable at about 6-7 years of age, possibly due to
abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex circuits or errors in the synaptic pruning process.
KNOWLEDGE QUIZ WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Neurotransmitters involved in ADHD - ANSWER-Dopamine & norepinephrine
-affect symptoms of inattention & hyperactivity
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders: - ANSWER-Over-the-counter
Melatonin
Orexin receptor antagonists
Antidepressants
Z-drugs
Benzodiazepines
prevalence of ADHD in the United States population - ANSWER-6.1 million children are
diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
-Boys more likely than girls (12.9% boys, 5.6% girls)
-1/3 have symptoms into adulthood
-6 in 10 children have at least one other mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder
-Comorbidities:
• Behavior/conduct problems
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Tourette syndrome
ADHD Symptoms: - ANSWER-Typically start before age 12, may begin to appear early
as 3:
-Selective Attention
• lack of attention to detail
• careless mistakes
• not listening
• losing things
• diverting attention
• forgetfulness
-Lack of Sustained Attention
• poor problem solving
• difficulty completing tasks
• disorganization
• difficulty sustaining mental effort
, -Impulsivity
• excessive talking
• blurting things out
• not waiting one's turn
• interrupting
-Hyperactivity
• fidgeting
• leaving one's seat
• running, climbing
• trouble playing quietly
*Symptoms related to attention usually develop 2-4 years after the emergence of
hyperactive symptoms in childhood
ADHD lifespan considerations - ANSWER--Symptoms change with age.
-Not only a childhood diagnosis
-Hyperactivity decreases markedly with age
-Primary Symptoms: inattention, restlessness, cognitive & emotional impulsivity,
executive functioning deficits, and self-regulation
-Adults struggling with executive functioning difficulties and disorganization may
experience occupational stress or anxiety.
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Genetics - ANSWER-Important role in
development of ADHD.
-heritability of up to 88%
Other risk factors for ADHD include
-premature birth
-low birth weight
-maternal stress during pregnancy
-prenatal substance exposure, including tobacco
-adverse childhood environmental
-psychosocial stress
-inconsistent parenting practices
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neuroanatomy - ANSWER-Specific
ADHD symptoms may arise from abnormalities within circuits in the prefrontal cortex
(PFC)
-affect executive function
neurobiological factors that contribute to ADHD: Neural Networks - ANSWER--
symptoms often become noticeable at about 6-7 years of age, possibly due to
abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex circuits or errors in the synaptic pruning process.
