Nurs 126 Final Exam 2025/2026 Davenport University
Margaret Smith Verified Study Guide Graded A+
What are the antitubercular drugs?
ethambutol (Myambutol)
isoniazid (INH)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
rifampin (Rifadin)
Describe antitubercular drug therapy.
Two or more different drug combinations given for 6 - 24 months
-> ↓ resistance potential & ↑ therapy success
What are the actions of antitubercular drugs?
Bactericidal (kill), bacteriostatic (slow), or both
-> Inhibit protein/cell wall synthesis or other mechanisms
What are the uses of antitubercular drugs?
Treatment of TB
Prevention (chemoprophylaxis)
-> Close contact to patients with recent TB infection
-> Immunosuppressed patients susceptible to infections
What are the adverse effects of antitubercular drugs?
ethambutol: optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) = altered color perception, changes in
visual acuity, & vision loss
isoniazid: peripheral neuropathy (i.e. burning, numbness, & tingling of extremities)
,-> Given concurrently with supplements of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent it
rifampin: red-orange-brown discoloration of feces, saliva, skin, sputum, sweat, tears, tongue, & urine
What is the contraindication of antitubercular drugs?
Patients with major liver or renal dysfunction
What are the drug interactions associated with antitubercular drugs?
isoniazid ↑ phenytoin (antiepileptic) effects
rifampin ↓ oral contraceptive effects
What are nursing considerations for antitubercular drugs?
Monitor kidney & liver function tests
Administer isoniazid oral or IM
Implement direct observation therapy (DOT) prn
-> Designated non-family member person to give medication and watch patient take it to ensure
compliance
Assess for therapeutic response
-> ↓ in S/S (i.e. cough / fever) & weight gain
-> Check C & S (culture & sensitivity = sputum) tests as well as chest x-ray findings
What is important to teach patients about antitubercular drugs?
Take drugs as ordered at same time every day
Complete full course of treatment
Take supplemental vitamin B6 prn
Eliminate alcohol while on drugs
, -> Toxic to liver
Perform frequent handwashing; cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
Use alternate form of birth control if on oral contraceptive
What drugs are azoles?
clotrimazole (Mycelex)
fluconazole (Diflucan)
ketoconazole (Nizoral)
voriconazole (Vfend)
What is the action of azoles?
Interferes with ergosterol (lipid substance essential for fungal cell membrane) biosynthesis → impairs
fungal cell growth
Involve skin (hair/nails) & mucous membranes (oral cavity/vagina)
What are the uses of azoles?
Broad spectrum; oral & topical forms
-> Variety of fungi
fluconazole & ketoconazole: Systemic & superficial infections
-> Single oral dose of fluconazole (causes rapid absorption) effective for treatment of vaginal candidiasis
clotrimazole: Superficial infections of mouth, skin, & vagina
What are the adverse effects of azoles?
N/v
May affect glycemic control in diabetics
-> Measures effects of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels
ketoconazole: Hepatotoxicity
Margaret Smith Verified Study Guide Graded A+
What are the antitubercular drugs?
ethambutol (Myambutol)
isoniazid (INH)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
rifampin (Rifadin)
Describe antitubercular drug therapy.
Two or more different drug combinations given for 6 - 24 months
-> ↓ resistance potential & ↑ therapy success
What are the actions of antitubercular drugs?
Bactericidal (kill), bacteriostatic (slow), or both
-> Inhibit protein/cell wall synthesis or other mechanisms
What are the uses of antitubercular drugs?
Treatment of TB
Prevention (chemoprophylaxis)
-> Close contact to patients with recent TB infection
-> Immunosuppressed patients susceptible to infections
What are the adverse effects of antitubercular drugs?
ethambutol: optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) = altered color perception, changes in
visual acuity, & vision loss
isoniazid: peripheral neuropathy (i.e. burning, numbness, & tingling of extremities)
,-> Given concurrently with supplements of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent it
rifampin: red-orange-brown discoloration of feces, saliva, skin, sputum, sweat, tears, tongue, & urine
What is the contraindication of antitubercular drugs?
Patients with major liver or renal dysfunction
What are the drug interactions associated with antitubercular drugs?
isoniazid ↑ phenytoin (antiepileptic) effects
rifampin ↓ oral contraceptive effects
What are nursing considerations for antitubercular drugs?
Monitor kidney & liver function tests
Administer isoniazid oral or IM
Implement direct observation therapy (DOT) prn
-> Designated non-family member person to give medication and watch patient take it to ensure
compliance
Assess for therapeutic response
-> ↓ in S/S (i.e. cough / fever) & weight gain
-> Check C & S (culture & sensitivity = sputum) tests as well as chest x-ray findings
What is important to teach patients about antitubercular drugs?
Take drugs as ordered at same time every day
Complete full course of treatment
Take supplemental vitamin B6 prn
Eliminate alcohol while on drugs
, -> Toxic to liver
Perform frequent handwashing; cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
Use alternate form of birth control if on oral contraceptive
What drugs are azoles?
clotrimazole (Mycelex)
fluconazole (Diflucan)
ketoconazole (Nizoral)
voriconazole (Vfend)
What is the action of azoles?
Interferes with ergosterol (lipid substance essential for fungal cell membrane) biosynthesis → impairs
fungal cell growth
Involve skin (hair/nails) & mucous membranes (oral cavity/vagina)
What are the uses of azoles?
Broad spectrum; oral & topical forms
-> Variety of fungi
fluconazole & ketoconazole: Systemic & superficial infections
-> Single oral dose of fluconazole (causes rapid absorption) effective for treatment of vaginal candidiasis
clotrimazole: Superficial infections of mouth, skin, & vagina
What are the adverse effects of azoles?
N/v
May affect glycemic control in diabetics
-> Measures effects of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels
ketoconazole: Hepatotoxicity
