NURS 5461 Final Exam Adult Gerontology Latest Update 2026 |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Graded A – UTA.
What is the definitive test for sleep apnea - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Overnight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ • Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Consider
possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent pneumonias, neurologic
deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Asthma: never use LABA
without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
What recommendation does GINA make for controllers? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ GINA
recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most patients with asthma, even those with
infrequent symptoms, to reduce the risk of serious exacerbations.
,GINA stepwise approach for Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 1. Consider low dose ICS, PRN
SABA
2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Symptoms are associated with
variable expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Most likely to be asthma if? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ More than one type of symptom (wheeze,
shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen exposure, changes in
weather, laughter, irritants such as car exhaust fumes, smoke, or strong smells
Diagnosis of Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ An increase in FEV1 of 12% with a minimum
increase of*200 mL in FEV1* *after bronchodilator* establishes the presence of airflow
reversibility Best test to rule OUT asthma is a methalcholine challenge...if that is negative,
then the person does not have asthma
,Document that FEV1/FVC is reduced (at least once, when FEV1 is low)
FEV1/ FVC ratio is normally >0.75 - 0.80 in healthy adults
Assessment of Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
What are the patient's attitudes and goals for their asthma?
Comorbidities
Think of rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, anxiety
These may contribute to symptoms and poor quality of life
When should you measure lung function after asthma diagnosis - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 3-6
months after starting treatment
What is the most common controller for asthma? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ AN ICS
, Anticholinergics such as tiotropium can help do what? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅
Bronchodilation by reducing parasympathetic nerve reflexes that cause a reduced airway.
MUSCARINIC receptor binding and inhibits acetylcholine
What is a good add on medication for Stage 5 asthmatics with severe allergic asthma? -
VERIFIED ANSWER✅ anti-IgE (omalizumab)
What is a good add on medication for stage 5 asthmatics with eosinophilic asthma - VERIFIED
ANSWER✅ anti-IL5 (mepolizumab (SC) or reslizumab (IV)
How often should you review your asthma? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 1-3 months after
treatment started, then every 3-12 months
During pregnancy, every 4-6 weeks
After an exacerbation, within 1 week
What are two med classes to be cautious with for those with asthma? - VERIFIED
ANSWER✅ NSAIDS (bronchospasm)- due to leukotrienes
BETA BLOCKERS- asthma exacerbation
What is COPD - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ a common, preventable and treatable disease that is
characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to
airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious
particles or gases.
Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Graded A – UTA.
What is the definitive test for sleep apnea - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Overnight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ • Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Consider
possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent pneumonias, neurologic
deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Asthma: never use LABA
without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
What recommendation does GINA make for controllers? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ GINA
recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most patients with asthma, even those with
infrequent symptoms, to reduce the risk of serious exacerbations.
,GINA stepwise approach for Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 1. Consider low dose ICS, PRN
SABA
2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Symptoms are associated with
variable expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Most likely to be asthma if? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ More than one type of symptom (wheeze,
shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen exposure, changes in
weather, laughter, irritants such as car exhaust fumes, smoke, or strong smells
Diagnosis of Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ An increase in FEV1 of 12% with a minimum
increase of*200 mL in FEV1* *after bronchodilator* establishes the presence of airflow
reversibility Best test to rule OUT asthma is a methalcholine challenge...if that is negative,
then the person does not have asthma
,Document that FEV1/FVC is reduced (at least once, when FEV1 is low)
FEV1/ FVC ratio is normally >0.75 - 0.80 in healthy adults
Assessment of Asthma - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
What are the patient's attitudes and goals for their asthma?
Comorbidities
Think of rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, anxiety
These may contribute to symptoms and poor quality of life
When should you measure lung function after asthma diagnosis - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 3-6
months after starting treatment
What is the most common controller for asthma? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ AN ICS
, Anticholinergics such as tiotropium can help do what? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅
Bronchodilation by reducing parasympathetic nerve reflexes that cause a reduced airway.
MUSCARINIC receptor binding and inhibits acetylcholine
What is a good add on medication for Stage 5 asthmatics with severe allergic asthma? -
VERIFIED ANSWER✅ anti-IgE (omalizumab)
What is a good add on medication for stage 5 asthmatics with eosinophilic asthma - VERIFIED
ANSWER✅ anti-IL5 (mepolizumab (SC) or reslizumab (IV)
How often should you review your asthma? - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ 1-3 months after
treatment started, then every 3-12 months
During pregnancy, every 4-6 weeks
After an exacerbation, within 1 week
What are two med classes to be cautious with for those with asthma? - VERIFIED
ANSWER✅ NSAIDS (bronchospasm)- due to leukotrienes
BETA BLOCKERS- asthma exacerbation
What is COPD - VERIFIED ANSWER✅ a common, preventable and treatable disease that is
characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to
airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious
particles or gases.
