NURSl 480/l NURS480l Finall Examl –l
Advancedl Medicall Surgicall Healthl
Nursing|l WCUl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l
Update)l Review|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl
&l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl isl hyperacutel organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Hyperacute:l Occursl withinl 48l hrsl postl op
Presents:l Fever,l HTN,l painl atl transplantl site
Tx:l nephrectomyl (immediatel removall ofl thel transplantedl organ)
Q:l Whatl isl acutel organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Acute:l occursl 1-2l weeksl postl op
Presents:l oliguria,l anuria,l low-gradel fever,l HTN,l lethargy,l fluidl retention,l azotemia,l
tendernessl overl site
Tx:l increasel doesl ofl immunosuppressants
Q:l Whatl isl chronicl organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Chronic:l graduallyl occursl overl monthsl tol years
Findings:l graduall returnl ofl azotemia,l fluidl retention,l labsl imbalanced,l fatigue
Tx:l monitor,l continuel medl regimen,l possiblel dialysis
Q:l Howl doesl ischemial occurl inl kidneyl transplant?
,Answer:
Delayl inl transplantingl afterl harvestingl organ
Q:l Howl doesl renall arteryl stenosisl occurl inl kidneyl transplant?l Whatl shouldl bel
monitoredl andl reported?
Answer:
Duel tol scarringl wherel thel surgicall "connections"l arel made
Monitorl andl reportl HTN
Q:l Howl doesl thrombosisl occurl inl al kidneyl transplant?l Whatl isl thel nursingl action?
Answer:
Duel tol bloodl clotl formationl inl al majorl vessel
Preparel patientl forl emergentl surgeryl forl nephrectomy
Q:l Describel infectionl inl kidneyl transplant
Answer:
Commonl causel morbidityl andl mortalityl withinl thel firstl yearl ofl kidneyl transplant
Q:l Whatl isl shock?
Answer:
Decreasedl tissuel perfusionl andl impairedl cellularl metabolism.l Itl resultsl inl anl imbalancel
betweenl thel supplyl andl demandl forl O2l andl nutrients.l Itl canl leadl tol ischemial whichl
canl leadl tol celll injuryl andl death.l Itl isl lifel threatening
Q:l Whatl isl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Eitherl al systolicl orl al diastolicl dysfunctionl ofl thel heart'sl pumpingl actionl thatl resultsl inl
reducedl cardiacl output,l strokel volume,l andl BP.l Thesel changesl canl compromisel
myocardiall perfusion
Q:l Whatl isl mortalityl ratel ofl cardiogenicl shock?
,Answer:
50%
Q:l Cardiogenicl shockl isl thel leadingl causel ofl deathl froml _____?
Answer:
Itl isl thel leadingl causel ofl deathl froml acutel MI
Q:l Whatl arel manifestationsl ofl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Earlyl s/sl arel similarl tol HF:l tachycardia,l hypotension,l tachypnea,l crackles
Peripherall hypoperfusion:l cyanosis,l pallor,l weakl peripherall pulses,l cool/clammyl skin,l
diaphoresis,l delayedl capl refills
Decreasedl renall bloodl flow:l Nal andl H2Ol retention,l urinel outputl decreased
Impairedl cerebrall perfusion:l anxiety,l confusion,l agitation
Q:l Whatl labl resultsl arel seenl withl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Elevatedl cardiacl enzymes
Elevatedl BNPl (B-typel natriureticl peptide)
Q:l Whatl arel thel nursingl measuresl specificl tol cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Goal:l restorel heartl functionl andl balancel betweenl O2l supplyl andl demand,l reducel
cardiacl workload
Interventions:l cardiacl cathl (withl MI),l angioplastyl withl stentingl (withl MI),l emergencyl
revascularization,l valvel replacement
Medsl aiml tol reducel workloadl ofl heart
Q:l Whatl medsl arel givenl forl cardiogenicl shockl specifically?
Answer:
Nitrates:l dilatesl coronaryl arteries
Diuretics:l reducel preloadl (volume)
Vasodilator,l suchl asl sodiuml nitroprusside:l reducel afterloadl (systemicl vascularl resistance)
, Betal Blockers:l reducel HRl andl contractility
Q:l Whatl isl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Inadequatel fluidl volumel inl thel intravascularl spacel tol supportl adequatel perfusion.l
Reducedl intravascularl volumel resultsl inl decreasedl venousl returnl tol thel heartl whichl
leadsl tol decreasedl tissuel perfusionl andl impairedl cellularl metabolism
Q:l Howl isl fluidl lostl inl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Fluidl isl lostl throughl hemorrhage,l GIl lossl (vomiting,l diarrhea),l DI,l diuresis,l thirdl
spacing,l andl burnl injuries
Q:l Whatl arel thel manifestationsl ofl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Tachypnea
Anxiety
Lowl urinel output
Q:l Whatl labsl arel donel forl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
H&H,l willl bel decreased
Electrolytes
Lactate
ABGs
Hourlyl urinel outputl measurement
Q:l Whatl arel thel nursingl measuresl forl hypovolemicl shockl specifically?
Answer:
Stopl fluidl loss
Restorel circulatingl volume
Advancedl Medicall Surgicall Healthl
Nursing|l WCUl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l
Update)l Review|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl
&l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl isl hyperacutel organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Hyperacute:l Occursl withinl 48l hrsl postl op
Presents:l Fever,l HTN,l painl atl transplantl site
Tx:l nephrectomyl (immediatel removall ofl thel transplantedl organ)
Q:l Whatl isl acutel organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Acute:l occursl 1-2l weeksl postl op
Presents:l oliguria,l anuria,l low-gradel fever,l HTN,l lethargy,l fluidl retention,l azotemia,l
tendernessl overl site
Tx:l increasel doesl ofl immunosuppressants
Q:l Whatl isl chronicl organl rejection?l Whatl arel thel manifestations?l Whatl isl thel
treatment?
Answer:
Chronic:l graduallyl occursl overl monthsl tol years
Findings:l graduall returnl ofl azotemia,l fluidl retention,l labsl imbalanced,l fatigue
Tx:l monitor,l continuel medl regimen,l possiblel dialysis
Q:l Howl doesl ischemial occurl inl kidneyl transplant?
,Answer:
Delayl inl transplantingl afterl harvestingl organ
Q:l Howl doesl renall arteryl stenosisl occurl inl kidneyl transplant?l Whatl shouldl bel
monitoredl andl reported?
Answer:
Duel tol scarringl wherel thel surgicall "connections"l arel made
Monitorl andl reportl HTN
Q:l Howl doesl thrombosisl occurl inl al kidneyl transplant?l Whatl isl thel nursingl action?
Answer:
Duel tol bloodl clotl formationl inl al majorl vessel
Preparel patientl forl emergentl surgeryl forl nephrectomy
Q:l Describel infectionl inl kidneyl transplant
Answer:
Commonl causel morbidityl andl mortalityl withinl thel firstl yearl ofl kidneyl transplant
Q:l Whatl isl shock?
Answer:
Decreasedl tissuel perfusionl andl impairedl cellularl metabolism.l Itl resultsl inl anl imbalancel
betweenl thel supplyl andl demandl forl O2l andl nutrients.l Itl canl leadl tol ischemial whichl
canl leadl tol celll injuryl andl death.l Itl isl lifel threatening
Q:l Whatl isl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Eitherl al systolicl orl al diastolicl dysfunctionl ofl thel heart'sl pumpingl actionl thatl resultsl inl
reducedl cardiacl output,l strokel volume,l andl BP.l Thesel changesl canl compromisel
myocardiall perfusion
Q:l Whatl isl mortalityl ratel ofl cardiogenicl shock?
,Answer:
50%
Q:l Cardiogenicl shockl isl thel leadingl causel ofl deathl froml _____?
Answer:
Itl isl thel leadingl causel ofl deathl froml acutel MI
Q:l Whatl arel manifestationsl ofl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Earlyl s/sl arel similarl tol HF:l tachycardia,l hypotension,l tachypnea,l crackles
Peripherall hypoperfusion:l cyanosis,l pallor,l weakl peripherall pulses,l cool/clammyl skin,l
diaphoresis,l delayedl capl refills
Decreasedl renall bloodl flow:l Nal andl H2Ol retention,l urinel outputl decreased
Impairedl cerebrall perfusion:l anxiety,l confusion,l agitation
Q:l Whatl labl resultsl arel seenl withl cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Elevatedl cardiacl enzymes
Elevatedl BNPl (B-typel natriureticl peptide)
Q:l Whatl arel thel nursingl measuresl specificl tol cardiogenicl shock?
Answer:
Goal:l restorel heartl functionl andl balancel betweenl O2l supplyl andl demand,l reducel
cardiacl workload
Interventions:l cardiacl cathl (withl MI),l angioplastyl withl stentingl (withl MI),l emergencyl
revascularization,l valvel replacement
Medsl aiml tol reducel workloadl ofl heart
Q:l Whatl medsl arel givenl forl cardiogenicl shockl specifically?
Answer:
Nitrates:l dilatesl coronaryl arteries
Diuretics:l reducel preloadl (volume)
Vasodilator,l suchl asl sodiuml nitroprusside:l reducel afterloadl (systemicl vascularl resistance)
, Betal Blockers:l reducel HRl andl contractility
Q:l Whatl isl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Inadequatel fluidl volumel inl thel intravascularl spacel tol supportl adequatel perfusion.l
Reducedl intravascularl volumel resultsl inl decreasedl venousl returnl tol thel heartl whichl
leadsl tol decreasedl tissuel perfusionl andl impairedl cellularl metabolism
Q:l Howl isl fluidl lostl inl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Fluidl isl lostl throughl hemorrhage,l GIl lossl (vomiting,l diarrhea),l DI,l diuresis,l thirdl
spacing,l andl burnl injuries
Q:l Whatl arel thel manifestationsl ofl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Tachypnea
Anxiety
Lowl urinel output
Q:l Whatl labsl arel donel forl hypovolemicl shock?
Answer:
H&H,l willl bel decreased
Electrolytes
Lactate
ABGs
Hourlyl urinel outputl measurement
Q:l Whatl arel thel nursingl measuresl forl hypovolemicl shockl specifically?
Answer:
Stopl fluidl loss
Restorel circulatingl volume
