TEST BANK McCance Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers + NCLEX Case Studies with Answers

TESTBANKFORPATHOPHYSIOLOGY9TH
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4v EDITION McCANCE ALL CHAPTERS 1-50
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4v QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2025.
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,Chapter 1-49 4v




Chapter01:CellularBiology v
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Rogers:McCance&Huether’sPathophysiology,9thEdition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE 4v




1. Whichstatement best describesthecellularfunctionofmetabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive
enzymes.
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c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
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d. Cells can synthesize fats. 4v 4v 4v




ANS: C 4 v




In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
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substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
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inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4v 4v




2. Whereismost ofacell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA,
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contained?
a. Mitochond
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ria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C 4 v




The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
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ofRNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
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histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for
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cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chieffunctionistoprovide sitesforcellularprotein synthesis. Lysosomes 4v v
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function as the intracellular digestive system.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4v 4v




3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
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oxygentoremovehydrogen atoms from specific substratesin an oxidative
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reaction?
a. Lysosome
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b. Peroxisom

, es
c. Ribosome
s
d. Endosome

ANS: B
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, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
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produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
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accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
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(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
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through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
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Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
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more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
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lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been
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pinched off from the cellular membrane.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4v 4v




4. Whichcellcomponentiscapableofcellularautodigestionwhen itis4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v




released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
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b. Golgicomplex 4v




c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
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d. Lysosomes
ANS: D 4 v




Thelysosomalmembraneactsasaprotective shield betweenthepowerful
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digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
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leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
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treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
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which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular
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protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth
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vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth
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endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
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removing toxic substances from the cell.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4v 4v




5. WhichcAMP-mediated responseisrelatedto antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
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contraction
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b. Secretion ofcortisol 4v 4v




c. Increased retentionofwater 4v v
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d. Breakdown of fat 4v 4v




ANS: C 4 v




Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v




causesincreases inheart rateand forceofcontraction. Increased cortisol secretion is
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due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4v 4v




6. During which phaseof thecell cycle is DNA synthesized? 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v 4v