WITH ORGANIZED QUESTIONS
FULLY SOLVED STEP BY STEP
EXPLANATIONS AND REVIEW GUIDE
ALREADY GRADED A+ AND 100%
GUARANTEE PASS (LATEST
EDITION!!!!!!!)
prostatitis diagnosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-based on
manifestations and urinalysis/culture results
prostate cancer statistics - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- 12% of men will
be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point during their
life
- Decline in new cases, flat death rate
- A disease of older age
- Disproportionately effects Blacks
- Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease (screen
with DRE and PSA).
prostate cancer etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-polygenic,
multifactorial, and just bad luck on random mitotic mutations
,prostate cancer Manifestations - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- If a patient
comes in with symptoms (bladder outlet obstruction) it
typically suggests advanced disease and poor outcomes.
- Prostatic specific antigen testing - Abnormally high levels
occur with a whole host of prostate conditions from benign to
malignant (sensitive but not specific)
- Physical findings: Urinary stream problems and hard,
nodular, non-painful prostate by digital rectal exam.
prostate cancer diagnosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Transrectal
ultrasound and biopsy
testicular cancer trends and statistics - THE CORRECT ANSWER--
Approximately 0.4 percent of men will be diagnosed with
testicular cancer at some point during their lifetime
- Increase in new cases, flat death rate
- A disease of younger age
- Disproportionately effects Whites
- Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease.
testicular cancer etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-This is a disease of
younger men, typically childbearing years. For the majority of
cases, the cause is unknown.
testicular cancer manifestations - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Non-tender
mass on palpation.
Cystocele - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Protrusion of bladder (cysto) wall
through weakened vaginal musculature.
,rectocele - THE CORRECT ANSWER-protrusion of rectal (recto) wall
through weakened vaginal musculature.
cysto/rectocele etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Age and weakened
vaginal musculature (think multiple vaginal deliveries)
cysto/rectocele manifestations - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Sensations of
pressure, urinary incontinence, constipation.
Uterine prolapse - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Note the uterus is at
nearly a right angle to the vagina and overlies the bladder.
- In prolapse, the uterus parallels the vagina and telescopes into
it to varying degrees (1st, 2nd, and 3rd).
uterine prolapse etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Weakness of the
supportive ligaments (uterosacral and cardinal) and weakness
of the vaginal musculature.
- Occurs at any age.
- May be due to congenital weakness of musculoskeletal system
or to the effects of childbirth
uterine prolapse manifestations - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Vaginal
fullness
- with 3rd degree, cervical trauma
uterine prolapse treatment - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Hysterectomy
, Leiomyomas - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Benign growths of the uterus
during childbearing years.
- Incidence in Black women three times higher than white
women.
leiomyomas etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Unknown but related
to estrogen and growth hormone.
leiomyomas manifestations - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Mostly
asymptomatic but, depending on size, may interfere with
reproduction and other functions of the genitourinary tract.
- Those that penetrate to vasculature will cause abnormal
uterine bleeding - always worrisome.
Endometriosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-The presence of
endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus
endometriosis etiology - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- Retrograde flow
- metaplasia
- vascular/lymphatics
endometriosis pathogenesis - THE CORRECT ANSWER--
Hormones/genetics cause endometrial cells to adhere (stick to
one another) and proliferate (divide and increase in #).
- Inflammatory mediators promote vascularization (blood
supply) and innervation (nerve supply).