NUR 105 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Sodium (Na+) - ANS 135-145
vital for muscle contractions, nerve tranmissions, and water balance
Sodium (Na+) - ANS maintained by kidneys and three hormones: aldosterone, ADH and NP
low Na+ levels - ANS no ADP and NP production
aldosterone secreted
high Na+ levels - ANS no aldosterone production
ADP and NP secreted
hyponatremia - ANS low sodium
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,mild- headache
3% NS
severe- restlessness and seizures
caused by vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, inadequate salt intake
5% NS
hypernatremia - ANS high Na+
cell shrinks
caused by kidney failure, excess sweating, dehydration
loses fluid not Na+
agitation, confusion, increased thirst, nausea, muscle twitching
0.9% NS
D 1/5 NS
diuretics - ANS promote Na+ loss
potassium (K+) - ANS meat, fish, bananas, potatoes, orange juice, legumes, raw carrots
foods low in K+- eggs, bread, cereal, grains, white rice, apples, cooked carrots
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,hypokalemia - ANS causes- diarrhea, vomiting, TPN, water intoxication, diuretics,
corticosteroids
muscle weakness, constipation, paralysis
heart dysrhythmias
fall prevention
airway
hypokalemia - ANS dilute potassium med in beverage due to strong unpleasant taste
IV - no more than 1 MEQ/10 ml
no more than 5-10 MEQ/hr
NO IV PUSH
severe tissue irritant
never IM or SQ
larger vein the better
hyperkalemia - ANS causes- kidney failure, K+ sparing diuretics, tissue damage, diabetes
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, asytole
muscle twitching
diarrhea
hyperkalemia - ANS if kidney disease is present patient may require Kayexalate
Kayexalate- promotes K+ excretion through intestines
moving K+ from ECF to ICF - insulin
monitor for hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
Calcium (Ca+) - ANS 9.0-10.5
maintains bone strength and density, muscle contractions, nerve transmissions and allows
blood to clot
absorption requires vitamin D
parathyroid hormone is released when more is needed in cells
absorbed through intestinal tract
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Sodium (Na+) - ANS 135-145
vital for muscle contractions, nerve tranmissions, and water balance
Sodium (Na+) - ANS maintained by kidneys and three hormones: aldosterone, ADH and NP
low Na+ levels - ANS no ADP and NP production
aldosterone secreted
high Na+ levels - ANS no aldosterone production
ADP and NP secreted
hyponatremia - ANS low sodium
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,mild- headache
3% NS
severe- restlessness and seizures
caused by vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, inadequate salt intake
5% NS
hypernatremia - ANS high Na+
cell shrinks
caused by kidney failure, excess sweating, dehydration
loses fluid not Na+
agitation, confusion, increased thirst, nausea, muscle twitching
0.9% NS
D 1/5 NS
diuretics - ANS promote Na+ loss
potassium (K+) - ANS meat, fish, bananas, potatoes, orange juice, legumes, raw carrots
foods low in K+- eggs, bread, cereal, grains, white rice, apples, cooked carrots
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,hypokalemia - ANS causes- diarrhea, vomiting, TPN, water intoxication, diuretics,
corticosteroids
muscle weakness, constipation, paralysis
heart dysrhythmias
fall prevention
airway
hypokalemia - ANS dilute potassium med in beverage due to strong unpleasant taste
IV - no more than 1 MEQ/10 ml
no more than 5-10 MEQ/hr
NO IV PUSH
severe tissue irritant
never IM or SQ
larger vein the better
hyperkalemia - ANS causes- kidney failure, K+ sparing diuretics, tissue damage, diabetes
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, asytole
muscle twitching
diarrhea
hyperkalemia - ANS if kidney disease is present patient may require Kayexalate
Kayexalate- promotes K+ excretion through intestines
moving K+ from ECF to ICF - insulin
monitor for hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
Calcium (Ca+) - ANS 9.0-10.5
maintains bone strength and density, muscle contractions, nerve transmissions and allows
blood to clot
absorption requires vitamin D
parathyroid hormone is released when more is needed in cells
absorbed through intestinal tract
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
