Advanced Pathophysiology with the Verified Quiz
Bank – NSG 5003 (Weeks 1–10 Knowledge Checks)
South University 70 questions with correct
answers and detailed rationales.
1. Which cellular change is most associated with chronic smoking?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
✔ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic smoking irritates bronchial epithelium, causing squamous
metaplasia (reversible replacement of cell type).
2. Which conditions activate the RAAS system? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hypotension
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. High blood pressure
✔ Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: RAAS is triggered by ↓ renal perfusion pressure, ↓ Na⁺ in distal
tubule, and ↑ K⁺ in blood (stimulates aldosterone). High BP inhibits RAAS.
3. Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?
A. Flat T waves
B. Peaked T waves
,C. Prolonged QT interval
D. Presence of U waves
✔ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperkalemia → rapid repolarization → tall peaked T waves.
4. What is the hallmark of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Excess insulin production
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
D. Glucagon deficiency
✔ Correct Answer: C
5. Which physiologic response occurs during septic shock?
A. Increased SVR
B. Extreme vasodilation
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Bradycardia
✔ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sepsis → inflammatory cytokines → massive vasodilation → ↓
SVR → hypotension.
6. A patient with COPD is expected to have which acid–base state?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
, ✔ Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic CO₂ retention → chronic respiratory acidosis with renal
compensation.
7. Which conditions can cause SIADH? (Select all that apply.)
A. Brain injury
B. Lung cancer
C. Thiazide diuretics
D. SSRIs
✔ Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: SIADH = inappropriate ADH release → water retention →
hyponatremia.
8. Which is expected in untreated hypothyroidism?
A. Heat intolerance
B. Tachycardia
C. Weight gain
D. Diarrhea
✔ Correct Answer: C
9. What is the primary mechanism of asthma?
A. Loss of surfactant
B. Irreversible airway destruction
C. Airway inflammation + bronchoconstriction
D. Alveoli destruction
✔ Correct Answer: C
Bank – NSG 5003 (Weeks 1–10 Knowledge Checks)
South University 70 questions with correct
answers and detailed rationales.
1. Which cellular change is most associated with chronic smoking?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
✔ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic smoking irritates bronchial epithelium, causing squamous
metaplasia (reversible replacement of cell type).
2. Which conditions activate the RAAS system? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hypotension
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. High blood pressure
✔ Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: RAAS is triggered by ↓ renal perfusion pressure, ↓ Na⁺ in distal
tubule, and ↑ K⁺ in blood (stimulates aldosterone). High BP inhibits RAAS.
3. Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?
A. Flat T waves
B. Peaked T waves
,C. Prolonged QT interval
D. Presence of U waves
✔ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperkalemia → rapid repolarization → tall peaked T waves.
4. What is the hallmark of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Excess insulin production
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
D. Glucagon deficiency
✔ Correct Answer: C
5. Which physiologic response occurs during septic shock?
A. Increased SVR
B. Extreme vasodilation
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Bradycardia
✔ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sepsis → inflammatory cytokines → massive vasodilation → ↓
SVR → hypotension.
6. A patient with COPD is expected to have which acid–base state?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
, ✔ Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic CO₂ retention → chronic respiratory acidosis with renal
compensation.
7. Which conditions can cause SIADH? (Select all that apply.)
A. Brain injury
B. Lung cancer
C. Thiazide diuretics
D. SSRIs
✔ Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: SIADH = inappropriate ADH release → water retention →
hyponatremia.
8. Which is expected in untreated hypothyroidism?
A. Heat intolerance
B. Tachycardia
C. Weight gain
D. Diarrhea
✔ Correct Answer: C
9. What is the primary mechanism of asthma?
A. Loss of surfactant
B. Irreversible airway destruction
C. Airway inflammation + bronchoconstriction
D. Alveoli destruction
✔ Correct Answer: C
