HESI A2 Version 3 Complete Exam 2025 – Grammar, Math, Reading,
Biology, Vocabulary, Chemistry, Anatomy & Physiology – Actual Exam
Questions and Detailed Correct Answers (Already Graded A+)
SECTION 1 – READING COMPREHENSION (Questions 1–15)
Passage 1
In hospitals across the United States, infection-control protocols are continuously updated to
reduce the incidence of health-care-associated infections (HAIs). The most common HAIs are
catheter-associated urinary-tract infections, surgical-site infections, central-line–associated
bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Research shows that strict
adherence to hand-hygiene guidelines alone can reduce these infections by up to 50 %.
Additional measures include the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) baths for intensive-care
patients, daily review of line necessity, and antimicrobial stewardship programs that limit
unnecessary antibiotic use. Despite these interventions, approximately 1 in 31 hospitalized
patients still acquires at least one HAI on any given day, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC).
1. According to the passage, which intervention is singled out as able to decrease HAIs by
as much as half?
A. CHG bathing protocols
B. Daily line-necessity review
C. Hand-hygiene compliance
D. Antimicrobial stewardship
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The passage explicitly states that “strict adherence to hand-hygiene guidelines alone
can reduce these infections by up to 50 %.” Option A, B, and D are mentioned as helpful but are
not credited with the 50 % reduction figure.
, 2. Which HAI is NOT specifically named in the passage?
A. Catheter-associated urinary-tract infection
B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
C. Clostridioides difficile colitis
D. Central-line–associated bloodstream infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clostridioides difficile colitis is not listed among the four common HAIs described.
Options A, B, and D are all explicitly named.
3. The passage implies that antimicrobial stewardship programs primarily seek to
A. increase the spectrum of prescribed antibiotics
B. limit unnecessary antibiotic use
C. replace hand hygiene
D. eliminate CHG bathing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage states that these programs “limit unnecessary antibiotic use.” The other
choices either contradict the text or are unsupported.
4. What statistic does the CDC provide regarding daily HAI risk?
A. 1 in 50 patients
B. 1 in 31 patients
C. 1 in 100 patients
D. 1 in 15 patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage directly quotes the CDC: “approximately 1 in 31 hospitalized patients
still acquires at least one HAI on any given day.”
5. The author’s primary purpose is to
A. criticize hospital administrators
B. describe current infection-control strategies and their limitations
C. promote a specific brand of CHG
D. argue for universal face masking
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage summarizes multiple evidence-based interventions and concedes that
infections remain common, illustrating both strategies and limitations. No criticism, brand
promotion, or masking debate is included.
Passage 2
The renal system maintains homeostasis by filtering blood, excreting waste, and regulating
fluid-electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, the
functional units responsible for filtration. Blood enters the glomerulus under pressure, forcing
water and small solutes into Bowman’s capsule while larger molecules remain in the
bloodstream. The filtrate then travels through the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle,
the distal convoluted tubule, and finally the collecting duct, where selective reabsorption and
secretion adjust the final urine composition. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are
key hormones that fine-tune water and sodium reabsorption, respectively.
6. Which structure is the initial site of filtration?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The glomerulus is described as the site where “blood enters…forcing water and small
solutes into Bowman’s capsule,” i.e., initial filtration. The other options are downstream
segments.
7. What happens to large molecules during glomerular filtration?
A. They are secreted into the collecting duct
B. They remain in the bloodstream
C. They are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle
D. They are converted into urea
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage states “larger molecules remain in the bloodstream.” No secretion,
reabsorption, or urea conversion is mentioned at this stage.
8. ADH primarily affects which process?
A. Sodium reabsorption
B. Water reabsorption
C. Erythropoiesis
D. Acid-base buffering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH is described as a hormone that “fine-tune[s] water…reabsorption.” Aldosterone,
not ADH, affects sodium.
9. The functional unit of the kidney is the
A. nephron
B. neuron
C. calyx
D. ureter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage explicitly labels “nephrons” as “the functional units.” The other choices
are anatomically incorrect in this context.
10. Which sequence correctly orders the filtrate’s path?
A. Glomerulus → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct
B. Proximal tubule → glomerulus → loop of Henle → collecting duct → distal tubule
C. Collecting duct → distal tubule → loop of Henle → proximal tubule → glomerulus
D. Loop of Henle → glomerulus → distal tubule → proximal tubule → collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage lists the correct order: glomerulus → proximal convoluted tubule → loop
of Henle → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct.
Biology, Vocabulary, Chemistry, Anatomy & Physiology – Actual Exam
Questions and Detailed Correct Answers (Already Graded A+)
SECTION 1 – READING COMPREHENSION (Questions 1–15)
Passage 1
In hospitals across the United States, infection-control protocols are continuously updated to
reduce the incidence of health-care-associated infections (HAIs). The most common HAIs are
catheter-associated urinary-tract infections, surgical-site infections, central-line–associated
bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Research shows that strict
adherence to hand-hygiene guidelines alone can reduce these infections by up to 50 %.
Additional measures include the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) baths for intensive-care
patients, daily review of line necessity, and antimicrobial stewardship programs that limit
unnecessary antibiotic use. Despite these interventions, approximately 1 in 31 hospitalized
patients still acquires at least one HAI on any given day, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC).
1. According to the passage, which intervention is singled out as able to decrease HAIs by
as much as half?
A. CHG bathing protocols
B. Daily line-necessity review
C. Hand-hygiene compliance
D. Antimicrobial stewardship
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The passage explicitly states that “strict adherence to hand-hygiene guidelines alone
can reduce these infections by up to 50 %.” Option A, B, and D are mentioned as helpful but are
not credited with the 50 % reduction figure.
, 2. Which HAI is NOT specifically named in the passage?
A. Catheter-associated urinary-tract infection
B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
C. Clostridioides difficile colitis
D. Central-line–associated bloodstream infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clostridioides difficile colitis is not listed among the four common HAIs described.
Options A, B, and D are all explicitly named.
3. The passage implies that antimicrobial stewardship programs primarily seek to
A. increase the spectrum of prescribed antibiotics
B. limit unnecessary antibiotic use
C. replace hand hygiene
D. eliminate CHG bathing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage states that these programs “limit unnecessary antibiotic use.” The other
choices either contradict the text or are unsupported.
4. What statistic does the CDC provide regarding daily HAI risk?
A. 1 in 50 patients
B. 1 in 31 patients
C. 1 in 100 patients
D. 1 in 15 patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage directly quotes the CDC: “approximately 1 in 31 hospitalized patients
still acquires at least one HAI on any given day.”
5. The author’s primary purpose is to
A. criticize hospital administrators
B. describe current infection-control strategies and their limitations
C. promote a specific brand of CHG
D. argue for universal face masking
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage summarizes multiple evidence-based interventions and concedes that
infections remain common, illustrating both strategies and limitations. No criticism, brand
promotion, or masking debate is included.
Passage 2
The renal system maintains homeostasis by filtering blood, excreting waste, and regulating
fluid-electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, the
functional units responsible for filtration. Blood enters the glomerulus under pressure, forcing
water and small solutes into Bowman’s capsule while larger molecules remain in the
bloodstream. The filtrate then travels through the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle,
the distal convoluted tubule, and finally the collecting duct, where selective reabsorption and
secretion adjust the final urine composition. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are
key hormones that fine-tune water and sodium reabsorption, respectively.
6. Which structure is the initial site of filtration?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The glomerulus is described as the site where “blood enters…forcing water and small
solutes into Bowman’s capsule,” i.e., initial filtration. The other options are downstream
segments.
7. What happens to large molecules during glomerular filtration?
A. They are secreted into the collecting duct
B. They remain in the bloodstream
C. They are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle
D. They are converted into urea
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The passage states “larger molecules remain in the bloodstream.” No secretion,
reabsorption, or urea conversion is mentioned at this stage.
8. ADH primarily affects which process?
A. Sodium reabsorption
B. Water reabsorption
C. Erythropoiesis
D. Acid-base buffering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH is described as a hormone that “fine-tune[s] water…reabsorption.” Aldosterone,
not ADH, affects sodium.
9. The functional unit of the kidney is the
A. nephron
B. neuron
C. calyx
D. ureter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage explicitly labels “nephrons” as “the functional units.” The other choices
are anatomically incorrect in this context.
10. Which sequence correctly orders the filtrate’s path?
A. Glomerulus → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct
B. Proximal tubule → glomerulus → loop of Henle → collecting duct → distal tubule
C. Collecting duct → distal tubule → loop of Henle → proximal tubule → glomerulus
D. Loop of Henle → glomerulus → distal tubule → proximal tubule → collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage lists the correct order: glomerulus → proximal convoluted tubule → loop
of Henle → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct.
