Physics Paper 1: AQA GCSE Combined Science
(2025) comprehensive questions and verified
answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 TEST!!
Energy Stores
1) Elastic potential
2) Gravitational potential
3) Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
How is energy transferred?
1) Mechanically - force doing work
2) Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done?
When a current flows or by a force moving an object
Kinetic energy formula
E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
,Gravitational potential energy formula
E=mgh
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
Elastic potential energy formula
E=1/2ke²
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
SHC formula
E=mcθ
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature change(°C)
What is the conservation of energy principle?
Energy can be transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can never be
created or destroyed
What is power?
The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to?
1J of energy transferred per second
Power Equation 1
E=Pt
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
Power Equation 2
W=Pt
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
, What is thermal conductivity?
A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material via conduction
What does lubrication do?
Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do?
Reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating
How do you improve efficiency?
1) Lubrication
2) Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
Efficiency - energy transfer equation
Useful output energy transfer divided by total input energy transfer
Efficiency - power equation
Useful power output divided by total power input
Is any device 100% efficienct?
No
Where is wasted energy usually transferred?
Thermal energy stores
How do thick walls prevent energy losses through heating?
They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the thicker the walls, the lower
the thermal conductivity, the slower the rate of energy transfer
What objects are usually 100% efficient?
Electric heaters - all the energy in the electrostatic energy stores is transferred to useful thermal
energy stores
(2025) comprehensive questions and verified
answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 TEST!!
Energy Stores
1) Elastic potential
2) Gravitational potential
3) Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
How is energy transferred?
1) Mechanically - force doing work
2) Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done?
When a current flows or by a force moving an object
Kinetic energy formula
E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
,Gravitational potential energy formula
E=mgh
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
Elastic potential energy formula
E=1/2ke²
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
SHC formula
E=mcθ
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature change(°C)
What is the conservation of energy principle?
Energy can be transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can never be
created or destroyed
What is power?
The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to?
1J of energy transferred per second
Power Equation 1
E=Pt
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
Power Equation 2
W=Pt
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
, What is thermal conductivity?
A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material via conduction
What does lubrication do?
Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do?
Reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating
How do you improve efficiency?
1) Lubrication
2) Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
Efficiency - energy transfer equation
Useful output energy transfer divided by total input energy transfer
Efficiency - power equation
Useful power output divided by total power input
Is any device 100% efficienct?
No
Where is wasted energy usually transferred?
Thermal energy stores
How do thick walls prevent energy losses through heating?
They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the thicker the walls, the lower
the thermal conductivity, the slower the rate of energy transfer
What objects are usually 100% efficient?
Electric heaters - all the energy in the electrostatic energy stores is transferred to useful thermal
energy stores
