ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has extensive third-degree burns across
the forearm. The nurse is discussing tissue repair with the
patient’s family. Which explanation best describes why
damage to the tissue level can impair organ function?
Options:
A. Cells in the area die and are replaced with bone tissue
that impairs flexibility.
B. Loss of organized cell groups disrupts the structure
necessary for the organ’s specific function.
C. Damage at the tissue level always leads to loss of the
entire organ because organs are single tissues.
, D. Tissue damage only affects superficial processes and
rarely changes organ performance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Tissues are organized groups of similar cells
whose collective structure enables specific functions;
disruption of that organization prevents the organ from
performing its specialized role.
• A: Replacement by bone (ossification) is not a typical
response to burn injury; scar tissue formation may occur,
but not bone formation.
• C: Organs are composed of multiple tissue types; damage
to part of an organ does not always destroy the entire
organ.
• D: Deep tissue injury from third-degree burns commonly
impairs organ-level processes (e.g., thermoregulation,
barrier function).
Teaching Point: Tissue organization underlies organ-
specific function; loss of structure impairs physiological
roles.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
, Stem: A new graduate is planning postoperative
monitoring for a patient after abdominal surgery. Which
assessment reflects understanding of the organ system
level of organization?
Options:
A. Palpating the incision site for erythema.
B. Checking bowel sounds and observing for return of
peristalsis.
C. Measuring hemoglobin concentration.
D. Inspecting the skin color of the lower extremities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Monitoring bowel sounds assesses
coordinated function of the digestive organ system
(multiple organs working together), matching organ-
system level reasoning.
• A: Incision palpation is a tissue/integumentary assessment
rather than organ-system coordination.
• C: Hemoglobin is a blood component (cellular/chemical
level) not a direct organ-system functional check.
• D: Skin color is a regional integumentary/circulatory sign
but does not directly assess organ-system integration like
peristalsis does.
Teaching Point: Organ systems are groups of organs
working together to perform complex body functions.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a localized infection confined to
epithelial tissue. Which sequence correctly orders
structural levels affected from smallest to most complex
when the infection progresses?
Options:
A. Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organelle
B. Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ
C. Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Cell
D. Cell → Organelle → Tissue → Organ system
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): The accepted hierarchy is organelle → cell →
tissue → organ (and then organ system); this ordering
helps predict how cellular damage may escalate to organ
dysfunction.
• A: That order is reversed and incorrect.
• C: Tissue before cell is incorrect sequence; cells form
tissues, not vice versa.
• D: Organelle does not come after cell; organelles are
subcellular structures inside cells.
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has extensive third-degree burns across
the forearm. The nurse is discussing tissue repair with the
patient’s family. Which explanation best describes why
damage to the tissue level can impair organ function?
Options:
A. Cells in the area die and are replaced with bone tissue
that impairs flexibility.
B. Loss of organized cell groups disrupts the structure
necessary for the organ’s specific function.
C. Damage at the tissue level always leads to loss of the
entire organ because organs are single tissues.
, D. Tissue damage only affects superficial processes and
rarely changes organ performance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Tissues are organized groups of similar cells
whose collective structure enables specific functions;
disruption of that organization prevents the organ from
performing its specialized role.
• A: Replacement by bone (ossification) is not a typical
response to burn injury; scar tissue formation may occur,
but not bone formation.
• C: Organs are composed of multiple tissue types; damage
to part of an organ does not always destroy the entire
organ.
• D: Deep tissue injury from third-degree burns commonly
impairs organ-level processes (e.g., thermoregulation,
barrier function).
Teaching Point: Tissue organization underlies organ-
specific function; loss of structure impairs physiological
roles.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
, Stem: A new graduate is planning postoperative
monitoring for a patient after abdominal surgery. Which
assessment reflects understanding of the organ system
level of organization?
Options:
A. Palpating the incision site for erythema.
B. Checking bowel sounds and observing for return of
peristalsis.
C. Measuring hemoglobin concentration.
D. Inspecting the skin color of the lower extremities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Monitoring bowel sounds assesses
coordinated function of the digestive organ system
(multiple organs working together), matching organ-
system level reasoning.
• A: Incision palpation is a tissue/integumentary assessment
rather than organ-system coordination.
• C: Hemoglobin is a blood component (cellular/chemical
level) not a direct organ-system functional check.
• D: Skin color is a regional integumentary/circulatory sign
but does not directly assess organ-system integration like
peristalsis does.
Teaching Point: Organ systems are groups of organs
working together to perform complex body functions.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the
Body — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a localized infection confined to
epithelial tissue. Which sequence correctly orders
structural levels affected from smallest to most complex
when the infection progresses?
Options:
A. Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organelle
B. Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ
C. Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Cell
D. Cell → Organelle → Tissue → Organ system
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): The accepted hierarchy is organelle → cell →
tissue → organ (and then organ system); this ordering
helps predict how cellular damage may escalate to organ
dysfunction.
• A: That order is reversed and incorrect.
• C: Tissue before cell is incorrect sequence; cells form
tissues, not vice versa.
• D: Organelle does not come after cell; organelles are
subcellular structures inside cells.
