, Techniques
CHAPTER LIST Chapter: 27 Echocardiography
Chapter: 28 Airway Management
Chapter: 29 Patient Positioning and Potential
Chapter: 1 The History of Anesthesia Injuries
Chapter: 2 Scope of Practice Chapter: 30 Monitored Anesthesia Care
Chapter: 3 Occupational Health Chapter: 31 Ambulatory Anesthesia
Chapter: 4 Anesthetic Risk, Quality Chapter: 32 Office-Based Anesthesia
Improvement, and Liability Chapter: 33 Nonoperating Room Anesthesia
Chapter: 5 Electrical and Fire Safety Chapter: 34 Anesthesia for the Older Patient
Chapter: 6 Genomic Basis of Perioperative Chapter: 35 Neuraxial Anesthesia
Medicine Chapter: 36 Peripheral Nerve Blockade
Chapter: 7 Experimental Design and Statistics Chapter: 37 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery
Chapter: 8 Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Chapter: 38 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
Infection Chapter: 39 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
Chapter: 9 The Allergic Response Chapter: 40 Anesthesia for Vascular and
Chapter: 10 Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Endovascular Surgery
Consciousness Chapter: 41 Obstetric Anesthesia
Chapter: 11 Basic Principles of Clinical Chapter: 42 Neonatal Anesthesia
Pharmacology Chapter: 43 Pediatric Anesthesia
Chapter: 12 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Chapter: 44 Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and
Chapter: 13 Cardiovascular Pharmacology Robotic Surgeries
Chapter: 14 Autonomic Nervous System Chapter: 45 Anesthesia and Obesity
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter: 46 The Liver: Surgery and Anesthesia
Chapter: 15 Respiratory Function in Chapter: 47 Endocrine Function
Anesthesia Chapter: 48 Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic
Chapter: 16 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Surgery
Physiology Chapter: 49 Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic
Chapter: 17 Hemostasis and Transfusion Surgery
Medicine Chapter: 50 The Renal System and Anesthesia
Chapter: 18 Inhaled Anesthetics for Urologic Surgery
Chapter: 19 Intravenous Anesthetics Chapter: 51 Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
Chapter: 20 Opioids Chapter: 52 Transplant Anesthesia
Chapter: 21 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Chapter: 53 Trauma and Burns
Chapter: 22 Local Anesthetics Chapter: 54 Postanesthesia Recovery
Chapter: 23 Preoperative Patient Assessment Chapter: 55 Acute Pain Management
and Management Chapter: 56 Chronic Pain Management
Chapter: 24 Rare Coexisting Diseases Chapter: 57 Critical Care Medicine
Chapter: 25 The Anesthesia Workstation and Chapter: 58 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics Chapter: 59 Disaster Preparedness
Chapter: 26 Commonly Used Monitoring
,Chapter 1: The History of Anesthesia
Q1
Which of the following anesthetic agents was first publicly demonstrated for surgical
anesthesia in 1846?
A. Chloroform
B. Nitrous oxide
C. Ether
D. Halothane
Answer: C
Rationale: In 1846, William T. G. Morton publicly demonstrated the use of ether at the
Massachusetts General Hospital, marking the first successful surgical anesthesia. Chloroform
was later introduced by James Simpson in 1847.
Key words: ether, Morton, historical demonstration, surgical anesthesia
Q2
James Simpson is historically associated with which contribution to anesthesia?
A. Discovery of nitrous oxide analgesia
B. Introduction of chloroform for obstetric anesthesia
C. Development of modern intravenous agents
D. Invention of the laryngeal mask airway
Answer: B
Rationale: Simpson popularized chloroform in obstetrics in 1847, emphasizing its safety and
analgesic effect in labor.
Key words: chloroform, Simpson, obstetric anesthesia, 1847
Q3
, The main historical concern with ether as an anesthetic was:
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. High flammability
C. Severe nephrotoxicity
D. Prolonged recovery from sedation
Answer: B
Rationale: Ether was highly flammable, creating a significant risk in operating rooms lit by
open flames before the advent of modern electrical lighting.
Key words: ether, flammability, OR safety, historical risk
Q4
Which anesthetic agent became widely used for pediatric procedures in the 19th century due
to its analgesic properties?
A. Nitrous oxide
B. Chloroform
C. Ether
D. Halothane
Answer: A
Rationale: Nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) was recognized in the 19th century for its
analgesic effects and rapid onset, particularly in dental and pediatric procedures.
Key words: nitrous oxide, pediatric analgesia, historical use
Q5
Which historical figure is credited with systematically studying nitrous oxide’s anesthetic
properties?
A. Horace Wells
B. William Morton
C. James Simpson
D. Crawford Long
CHAPTER LIST Chapter: 27 Echocardiography
Chapter: 28 Airway Management
Chapter: 29 Patient Positioning and Potential
Chapter: 1 The History of Anesthesia Injuries
Chapter: 2 Scope of Practice Chapter: 30 Monitored Anesthesia Care
Chapter: 3 Occupational Health Chapter: 31 Ambulatory Anesthesia
Chapter: 4 Anesthetic Risk, Quality Chapter: 32 Office-Based Anesthesia
Improvement, and Liability Chapter: 33 Nonoperating Room Anesthesia
Chapter: 5 Electrical and Fire Safety Chapter: 34 Anesthesia for the Older Patient
Chapter: 6 Genomic Basis of Perioperative Chapter: 35 Neuraxial Anesthesia
Medicine Chapter: 36 Peripheral Nerve Blockade
Chapter: 7 Experimental Design and Statistics Chapter: 37 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery
Chapter: 8 Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Chapter: 38 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
Infection Chapter: 39 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
Chapter: 9 The Allergic Response Chapter: 40 Anesthesia for Vascular and
Chapter: 10 Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Endovascular Surgery
Consciousness Chapter: 41 Obstetric Anesthesia
Chapter: 11 Basic Principles of Clinical Chapter: 42 Neonatal Anesthesia
Pharmacology Chapter: 43 Pediatric Anesthesia
Chapter: 12 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Chapter: 44 Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and
Chapter: 13 Cardiovascular Pharmacology Robotic Surgeries
Chapter: 14 Autonomic Nervous System Chapter: 45 Anesthesia and Obesity
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter: 46 The Liver: Surgery and Anesthesia
Chapter: 15 Respiratory Function in Chapter: 47 Endocrine Function
Anesthesia Chapter: 48 Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic
Chapter: 16 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Surgery
Physiology Chapter: 49 Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic
Chapter: 17 Hemostasis and Transfusion Surgery
Medicine Chapter: 50 The Renal System and Anesthesia
Chapter: 18 Inhaled Anesthetics for Urologic Surgery
Chapter: 19 Intravenous Anesthetics Chapter: 51 Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
Chapter: 20 Opioids Chapter: 52 Transplant Anesthesia
Chapter: 21 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Chapter: 53 Trauma and Burns
Chapter: 22 Local Anesthetics Chapter: 54 Postanesthesia Recovery
Chapter: 23 Preoperative Patient Assessment Chapter: 55 Acute Pain Management
and Management Chapter: 56 Chronic Pain Management
Chapter: 24 Rare Coexisting Diseases Chapter: 57 Critical Care Medicine
Chapter: 25 The Anesthesia Workstation and Chapter: 58 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics Chapter: 59 Disaster Preparedness
Chapter: 26 Commonly Used Monitoring
,Chapter 1: The History of Anesthesia
Q1
Which of the following anesthetic agents was first publicly demonstrated for surgical
anesthesia in 1846?
A. Chloroform
B. Nitrous oxide
C. Ether
D. Halothane
Answer: C
Rationale: In 1846, William T. G. Morton publicly demonstrated the use of ether at the
Massachusetts General Hospital, marking the first successful surgical anesthesia. Chloroform
was later introduced by James Simpson in 1847.
Key words: ether, Morton, historical demonstration, surgical anesthesia
Q2
James Simpson is historically associated with which contribution to anesthesia?
A. Discovery of nitrous oxide analgesia
B. Introduction of chloroform for obstetric anesthesia
C. Development of modern intravenous agents
D. Invention of the laryngeal mask airway
Answer: B
Rationale: Simpson popularized chloroform in obstetrics in 1847, emphasizing its safety and
analgesic effect in labor.
Key words: chloroform, Simpson, obstetric anesthesia, 1847
Q3
, The main historical concern with ether as an anesthetic was:
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. High flammability
C. Severe nephrotoxicity
D. Prolonged recovery from sedation
Answer: B
Rationale: Ether was highly flammable, creating a significant risk in operating rooms lit by
open flames before the advent of modern electrical lighting.
Key words: ether, flammability, OR safety, historical risk
Q4
Which anesthetic agent became widely used for pediatric procedures in the 19th century due
to its analgesic properties?
A. Nitrous oxide
B. Chloroform
C. Ether
D. Halothane
Answer: A
Rationale: Nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) was recognized in the 19th century for its
analgesic effects and rapid onset, particularly in dental and pediatric procedures.
Key words: nitrous oxide, pediatric analgesia, historical use
Q5
Which historical figure is credited with systematically studying nitrous oxide’s anesthetic
properties?
A. Horace Wells
B. William Morton
C. James Simpson
D. Crawford Long
