NUR2392: Multidimensional Care II

Lifestyle risk factors-Smoking: Smoking plays a vital role in cancer pathogenesis as the mutagens in the smoke are potentially carcinogenic, with 2 to 4 % of increased relative risk in individuals with smoking when compared to nonsmoking individuals. • Family history: Family history of breast cancer (first-degree relative (mother) as well as grandmother) is also a most significant risk factor in this client as the relative risk of cancer in individuals with positive family history is 4 to 6 % more when compared to individuals with an adverse cancer history. The proto-oncogenes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 exhibit inheritable pattern and lead to the development of cancer • Underlying conditions-Diabetes and obesity: Underlying co-morbidities such as Diabetes, obesity such as aggravate the carcinogenesis and increase the risk of cancer. The relative risk of breast cancer in individuals with Diabetes and obesity is 1 to 2%